Nocturia is a symptom in which the patient is forced to get up more than 1 time/night to urinate as the main complaint. Increased nocturia is most often seen in the elderly, and frequent nocturnal awakenings cause a serious decrease in sleep quality in elderly patients, and in some cases even cause a decrease in energy and increase the risk of accidents, which seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly. Nocturia is a common but under-recognized condition. Because it is common, many elderly people think that increased nocturia is a normal physiological manifestation and do not pay attention to it and seek timely treatment, which makes the disease develop and intensify, and eventually even causes serious consequences. The symptoms of nocturia gradually worsen with age. Many people may think that nocturia is generally more common in older men, but women should not be taken lightly as well, as studies have shown that the prevalence of nocturia is not related to gender. Why do older adults often suffer from increased nocturia? There are several reasons for this: (1) Physiological factors: Drinking large amounts of liquid before bedtime, including water, strong tea, coffee and other beverages, can cause an increase in nocturia, but conversely, if the amount of water intake is controlled before bedtime, nocturia is significantly reduced. (2) Mental factors: Patients with mental tension and insomnia are prone to increased frequency of nocturia. (3) Urological factors: Elderly men often suffer from increased nocturia due to prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); elderly female patients are often at increased risk of nocturia due to overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). In addition, diseases such as cystitis, bladder stones, and urological tumors can cause increased nocturia. (4) Factors of medical diseases: The concentrated function of the kidney is obviously reduced in the elderly, and nocturia often increases; especially in the elderly with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, renal insufficiency and other diseases, due to renal arteriosclerosis, the blood supply to the kidney is insufficient, which makes the concentrated function of the kidney gradually diminish, and the urine volume increases, especially the nocturia volume increases most prominently. It is worth noting that increased nocturia is often the earliest symptom of renal decompensation. Diabetes mellitus, uremia, and cardiac insufficiency can also cause increased nocturia. (5) The atrophy of the bladder muscles in the elderly leads to a decrease in contraction and a decrease in the actual capacity of the bladder, which can also increase the number of nocturnal urination. The general treatment for nocturia mainly includes etiological treatment, behavioral treatment and pharmacological treatment. Etiological treatment mainly involves surgical and pharmacological treatment to remove the cause according to the primary disease. Behavioral treatment includes minimizing fluid intake before bedtime, avoiding caffeinated beverages and alcohol, using long-leg compression stockings during the day, resting with lower limbs elevated in the afternoon to simulate sleep, and applying sleeping pills to improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia. Drug treatment is mainly targeted according to the typology of nocturia. A typing diagnosis can be made based on the patient’s voiding diary, which can be mainly classified as nocturnal increased urine volume type, bladder volume reduction type and mixed type (nocturnal increased urine volume + nocturnal bladder volume reduction). Depending on the typing, different treatment methods can be adopted. Treatment of the nocturnal increased urine volume type can be done by applying desmopressin in small doses. Patients with reduced bladder capacity can be treated with bladder capacity exercises in daily life and with alpha-blockers and anticholinergic drugs. Patients with the mixed type can be treated with alpha blockers, anticholinergics and desmopressin in addition to behavioral therapy, which can significantly reduce symptoms. In conclusion, if you experience increased nocturia, do not be careless and seek prompt medical attention. It is crucial to treat nocturia early according to its typology, which can effectively slow down the development of the disease, effectively reduce the number of nocturia, defend the quality of sleep, and escort for life.