What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)? In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF), commonly known as “in vitro fertilization” technology, is not a baby grown in a test tube, but refers to the process of removing an egg from a woman’s body, culturing it in vitro, adding treated sperm to fertilize it, and developing the fertilized egg into six to eight oocytes or blastocysts, which are transferred The fertilized egg develops into 6-8 oocytes or blastocysts and is transferred back to the mother’s uterus for implantation. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF) is a technique in which the eggs are removed from the mother’s ovaries and placed in a Petri dish, to which sperm are added that have been preferentially induced to fertilize the eggs and develop into embryos for transfer back to the mother. Indications include: (1) tubal infertility, such as bilateral obstruction or removal of fallopian tubes, severe pelvic adhesions, damaged endometrium of fallopian tubes resulting in impaired gamete transport, etc.; (2) endometriosis, failure to conceive with other treatments; (3) ovulation disorders, failure to conceive with repeated (more than 3) ovulation treatments; (4) repeated failure of artificial insemination; (5) unexplained infertility; (6) low, weak or abnormal spermatozoa in the male partner (5) unexplained infertility Intracytoplasmic single sperm microinjection (ICSI, commonly known as second-generation IVF) is a technique in which sperm is injected directly into the plasma of the egg cell with a microinjection needle to complete fertilization of the egg, a form of artificial intervention for insemination that requires only a few to several dozen sperm. This technique offers hope to male patients who were previously considered incurable. Indications include: (1) severe oligo-, oligo-, and teratozoospermia; (2) irreversible obstructive azoospermia; (3) spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding those due to genetic defects); (4) previous natural fertilization failure or fertilization rate of less than 30%; (5) sperm acrosome abnormalities. Contraindications to IVF (1) Either spouse has serious mental illness, genitourinary infections (pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginitis, cervicitis, AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.); (2) Genetic diseases that are not suitable for fertility as stipulated in the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law and for which preimplantation diagnosis (PGD) is not currently available; (3) Either spouse has serious drug addiction; (4) Either spouse has been exposed to teratogenic doses of drugs; (5) Either spouse has been exposed to a high level of genetic defects. (4) Either spouse is exposed to teratogenic amount of radiation, toxins or drugs and is in the period of action; (5) The uterus of the female spouse is not capable of pregnancy or suffers from serious physical diseases that cannot bear pregnancy (such as serious heart disease, liver and kidney diseases, etc.).