Hematuria is a common condition in urology and is divided into carnal hematuria and microscopic hematuria (microscopic examination of more than 3 red blood cells in the urine is of some significance). Patients tend to ignore intermittent hematuria, and when the carnal hematuria stops, patients are often not eager to go to the clinic, thus delaying treatment. Moreover, the color shade of hematuria is often not completely consistent with the severity of the lesion. There are five common causes of hematuria: blood clotting disorders, urinary tract infections, urinary stones, urinary tract injuries and urinary tract tumors. The following focuses briefly on the characteristics of hematuria caused by urological disorders. 1, hematological diseases are the most common causes of systemic bleeding tendency, such as leukemia, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenic purpura, all of which can cause hematuria. Taking anticoagulant drugs can also sometimes cause hematuria. 2, urinary system infections (including pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, etc.) lead to hematuria often accompanied by urinary frequency, urinary urgency and pain (bladder irritation signs), and high fever, chills and back pain in acute pyelonephritis. In men, acute prostatitis is considered if it is accompanied by terminal hematuria and acute urinary retention. 3. In the case of urinary stones, in addition to hematuria, the clinical manifestation may be severe renal colic. The diagnosis of urinary stones is mainly confirmed by ultrasound or x-ray examination. After the stones are effectively treated, the hematuria usually disappears. 4.Urological injuries all have a history of injury and must be treated promptly to clarify the site and degree of injury. The characteristics of hematuria are: (1) intermittent episodes (hematuria disappears without treatment); (2) complete (accompanied by the whole process of urination); (3) painless (most often bladder tumor); (4) carnal hematuria. The degree of hematuria is not completely consistent with the size, number and malignancy of the tumor. It is possible that the tumor is small but bleeds a lot; or the tumor is large and bleeds less. The diagnosis of urological tumor mainly relies on the symptoms of hematuria, combined with ultrasound, CT, cystoscopy and other examinations.