Recently, the American Heart Association published the 2010 edition of the International Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiovascular Emergencies. The major difference between this edition and the 2000 and 2005 editions is the change of the “Basic Life Support (BLS)” procedure, which is mainly reflected in: 1. The first responder is required to immediately perform first aid on all patients who are unresponsive, not breathing normally or only wheezing. 2. For untrained first responders, only chest compressions are advocated, i.e., the chest compression procedure is started before artificial respiration is given. The rationale is that most adults with cardiac arrest have an increased survival rate in patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The key to resuscitating this type of patient is immediate chest compressions and early defibrillation. The traditional BLS procedure “A (Airway)-B (Breathing)-C (Chest Compression)”, i.e., open airway, artificial respiration and chest compressions. Chest compressions are often delayed, delaying the resuscitation of the patient. The new first aid procedure changes “A-B-C” to “C(Chest Compression)-A(Airway)-B(Breathing )”, requiring first responders to start doing chest compressions as soon as possible to ensure that more patients are resuscitated. Even if the first-aider does not, will not, or cannot provide ventilation or artificial respiration to the patient, he or she can at least complete the chest compression first, with the aim of starting the resuscitation procedure as soon as possible and laying the foundation for further resuscitation by professionals. In short: The basic life support procedure for adult patients (including children and infants, excluding newborns) must be changed from “A-B-C” to “C-A-B”, i.e., “hands” first, “mouth” second!