The development of the human eye is a process from hyperopia – orthopia (mild myopia) – hyperopia. Newborns are highly hyperopic. Infants and toddlers are basically hyperopic and very few are nearsighted. 90% or more of preschoolers are hyperopic. (20% to 25% of these hyperopia is pathological, which is causing children to have lower than normal vision. The presence of ocular hypoplasia leads to amblyopia.) At the age of 19, vision reaches a personal peak, and after the age of 35, there is a tendency for hyperopia (myopic people show a gradual decrease in the number of degrees). middle-aged and elderly people with hyperopia need to wear glasses to read at a specific age of individual differences. Visual acuity is the ability to distinguish fine or distant objects and subtle parts of them. Visual acuity can be considered normal only when central vision, peripheral vision and stereopsis all meet the physiological requirements. During the examination, the main focus is to check the distance vision. Usually only the central vision is checked. Nearsighted eyes see near targets clearly and see far blurred and need to wear glasses to correct. The prevalence of myopia in China is 20%-30% in adults (10; 11; 12) and 67%-78% in adolescents (13; 14; 15). People with myopia often use glasses, corneal contact lenses or refractive surgery to improve their vision, but even so, they still have many inconveniences in school, life and work. High myopia is a blinding eye disease, and once the myopia is greater than 6D, the risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, visual impairment and even blindness increases significantly (1; 2; 3). Myopia has become a serious public health problem due to its high and increasing prevalence. The human eye has the ability to adjust to make the image on the retina as clear as possible. Children’s eyes are more plastic before the age of 12, which is a critical stage of eye development. The key to preventing myopia: Outdoor activities: 2 hours of outdoor activities every day can help prevent myopia and avoid its progression. It is recommended to go to nature, fly kites, climb mountains, play soccer, travel, etc. Appropriate light brightness, light (too bright or too dark) is the first element that affects vision. The national standard: illumination for reading/writing in indoor settings > 300 Lux. Key point: parents can purchase eye protection light pens to determine whether the light is appropriate. Good near eye posture, posture is the main factor affecting myopia. Bad habits such as riding in a car, lying in bed, or reading with a crooked head will increase the frequency and magnitude of the burden on the eye regulation. When using your eyes at close range, it is best to sit upright and keep your books at a distance of about 750px from your eyes. If you are watching TV, the distance from the TV is more than 6 times the diagonal of the TV. The point is that parents should spend time with them and supervise them in order to develop good habits. Shorten the time spent in close proximity to the eyes. Most students’ vision loss is a result of the diminished mediation function of the eyes. Prolonged use of the eyes at close range can easily lead to a decrease in eye regulation, which in turn leads to vision loss. Usually, when using the eyes at close range, take a 10-15 minute break every 45-60 minutes. Point: Parents should balance their child’s eyes with their own expectations, and should make trade-offs when nearsightedness occurs. Regular vision checkups: Vision checkups are scheduled every semester in kindergartens and elementary schools. Parents can have their vision checked regularly at the hospital. Recommended: For school-age children, families should check themselves monthly or every two weeks. Purchase a vision chart, hang it on the wall, and check both eyes separately from children 5 meters away in natural light. The results may not be accurate, but you can look at a relative change in visual acuity. If there is a regression from the previous examination, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Myopia treatment: In general, children who blink frequently, turn their heads, squint, and unconsciously move forward when watching TV should be taken seriously by parents. Seek medical attention as soon as possible. Myopia in children generally requires dilated optometry, but not always dilated optometry, and not always atropine slow-dispersion optometry. Optometry and lenses are chosen according to the doctor’s requirements and recommendations. Wearing glasses can reduce the regulatory burden on the eyes and slow down the development of myopia. A series of myopic signs such as protrusion of the eye is not caused by wearing glasses. In conclusion: the cause of myopia is not yet fully understood and cannot be cured. Current methods to delay the onset and progression of myopia have yet to be tested by evidence-based medicine.