How to treat congenital patent foramen ovale

The treatment of congenital patent foramen ovale is mainly surgical, and there are two surgical options, one is the traditional repair of patent foramen ovale and the other is the minimally invasive blocking surgery. The repair surgery can be performed by splitting the sternum anteriorly through the chest, or laterally, by opening the chest between the two ribs. There are also two types of occlusion procedures, one is under X-ray, through the femoral vein cannula to perform the occlusion. The other one is done by small incision in the chest under the guidance of esophageal ultrasound. The former type is done after cardiology and one is done in cardiac surgery. Not all cases of patent foramen ovale need to be treated. If the diameter of the patent foramen ovale is very small, it does not have any effect on the heart structure or pulmonary artery pressure, and the patient does not have any symptoms, it is possible that treatment is not needed. Therefore, the need for treatment is determined by a visit to the cardiac surgeon or cardiologist to determine whether surgery is indicated and whether treatment is needed.