A herniated lumbar disc is one of the common diseases in orthopedic clinics. It is usually treated conservatively first, and surgery is required if conservative treatment is ineffective, but surgery for patients with a herniated lumbar disc still carries certain risks. Lumbar disc herniation surgery is divided into open surgery and minimally invasive surgery, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The clinical treatment should be based on the characteristics of the patient’s disease, and the surgical method should be selected according to the disease. 1. Open surgery can open up the field of view, fully expose the lesion and eliminate most of the tissue structures that compress the nerves, but its disadvantage is the large opening, slightly more bleeding and long wound healing time. 2.Minimally invasive surgery. Compared with traditional surgery, it has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, less epidural adhesions and no destabilization, but the recurrence rate of minimally invasive surgery is higher than that of open surgery. However, minimally invasive surgery has a higher recurrence rate than open surgery, and there are strict indications, which may not be suitable for patients with free or prolapsed lumbar disc herniation, or with spinal stenosis. As mentioned above, any surgery has certain risks. Lumbar disc herniation surgery is no exception, but with the advancement of technology, lumbar disc herniation surgery is still relatively mature.