Traditional nasal examination through the frontal mirror reflection, nose dilator is difficult to see the deep nasal lesions, but now go to the hospital for nasal disease, many patients are exposed to the nasal endoscopy, often encounter doctors with a long mirror with a light source into the patient’s nasal cavity, this mirror is hailed as a revolutionary achievement in the field of rhinology, the new instrument – nasal This mirror is the nasal endoscope, which has been hailed as a revolutionary achievement in the field of rhinology. The procedure of nasal endoscopy is performed under surface anesthesia, and the examination is usually painless. Patients should inform the doctor of their drug allergy history before the examination to avoid allergy to anesthetic drugs. Before the examination, the doctor will first check the anterior nostril and nasal vestibule for any abnormalities, and then follow a certain order to observe the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and nasal tract. Generally, the nasal endoscope is slowly advanced from the common nasal passage along the base of the nose, and the color and size of the inferior turbinates and the common nasal passage and inferior nasal passage are observed for any abnormality, and after passing through the posterior nostril, the nasopharynx is entered, and the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex, the lateral wall, the pharyngeal fossa, and the round pillow of the pharyngeal tube are observed for any neoplasm, local elevation, surface roughness, and whether the opening of the pharyngeal tube is blocked. Then the endoscope is slowly withdrawn outward, the lens is slightly lifted upward, and the opening of the pterygoid sinus, olfactory fissure, middle nasal tract, maxillary sinus and septal sinus are observed for neoplasia, purulent discharge and bleeding, and finally the front of the nasal septum is observed when withdrawing. In case of chronic nasal congestion, especially unilateral nasal congestion, nasal endoscopy can be performed to determine whether there is any abnormality in the nasal cavity or neoplasm in the nose. In addition, some unexplained headaches and diplopia may be caused by nasal and nasopharyngeal lesions, which can be excluded by nasal endoscopy. In addition to nasal diseases, some patients with other malignant diseases should also undergo regular nasal endoscopy. In addition, since nasopharyngeal cancer has a family genetic predisposition, normal adults with a family history of nasopharyngeal cancer should also undergo regular nasal endoscopy, usually once every 1 to 2 years. Interpretation of nasal endoscopy report 1. What does enlarged turbinates mean? It is common to see clinical hypertrophy of the inferior or middle turbinates, which is generally a sign of nasal inflammation. In acute rhinitis, the middle and lower turbinates are mostly congested and swollen, and purulent nasal secretions can be seen; in chronic rhinitis, the lower turbinates are commonly enlarged, the mucosal surface is not smooth or mulberry-like changes, and there can be a small amount of mucus in the nasal cavity; in allergic rhinitis, the enlarged turbinates are mostly accompanied by pale edema of the nasal mucosa; patients do not need to be overly nervous about the simple enlarged turbinates, such as the combination of nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms can be seen in the hospital, usually only through Only a very small number of patients who have been repeatedly treated with medication are in need of surgical treatment. 2.Does nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hyperplasia necessarily become cancer? Since the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are the first portal of contact with external gases, and the nasopharynx is rich in lymphatic tissues, nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissues will be hyperplastic under the repeated stimulation of inflammation. Therefore, nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue hyperplasia is a manifestation of chronic inflammation in the nasopharynx and will not turn into cancer in most cases. For some patients with particularly obvious lymphatic tissue hyperplasia, the surface is not smooth or there is blood in the retracted nasal discharge, they may need to come to the hospital frequently for nasal endoscopy review according to the doctor’s order, usually once every 2 to 3 months in the first year, and at least once a year thereafter. 3. Why do doctors sometimes send patients for nasal endoscopy after an abnormality in the ear? When a patient has ear congestion, tinnitus or hearing loss, the doctor will sometimes ask the patient to have a nasal endoscopy, which is often very confusing to the patient and often difficult to understand. In fact, the nasopharynx has a very close relationship with the ear. The nasopharynx is connected to the middle ear cavity through a narrow eustachian tube, and tumors or inflammation in the nasopharynx can lead to blockage of the eustachian tube, thus causing negative pressure or even fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity, which often manifests as ear stuffiness, tinnitus and hearing loss. 4. Why do doctors recommend further biopsy or CT examination for certain patients after nasal endoscopy? Nasal endoscopy can detect lesions in the nose and nasopharynx, and when the doctor suspects that the lesion is a tumor, it is often necessary to bite a piece of tissue locally and send it for pathological examination, because the nature of the lesion must be clarified according to the results of pathological diagnosis. However, for hemangioma, since biting tissue can easily lead to hemorrhage, biopsy is usually not taken, but CT plus contrast examination is used to clarify the initial diagnosis. In addition, for some other benign lesions or inflammatory lesions, such as nasal polyps and sinusitis, CT can be used to clarify the scope of the lesion, which is very helpful for further surgical treatment. Therefore, after the nasal endoscopy, doctors often make different recommendations or treatments according to the different conditions of the patients.