The human body’s sense of spatial position and balance is mainly coordinated by the interaction of the following three systems: (1) Vision: If the patient has vision problems or ophthalmic problems such as glaucoma or cataract, naturally, he cannot rely on vision to assist the balance system; (2) Proprioception: This proprioceptive receptor is located in the muscles of the limbs, and this sensory system can assist in maintaining body posture and motor coordination; (3) Inner ear vestibule: The inner ear is located at the The inner ear is located in the deepest part of the ear, surrounded by the temporal bone, and can be divided into two parts: one called the cochlea, which is the auditory apparatus, and the other called the vestibule, which is the balance apparatus. The cochlea is the auditory system, while the semicircular canal and vestibule are the balance system. The vertigo caused by vestibular lesions in the inner ear is the most pronounced and seriously affects people’s quality of life. The vertigo illusion is mainly due to the excitability imbalance caused by the stimulation of the left and right vestibular sides, i.e. the excitability is high on one side and low on the other side, and when the gap between the two sides exceeds the physiological limit is transmitted to the higher centers, the cognitive result of the brain produces the illusion of motion. This gap does not have a fixed value, but can vary from person to person and from time to time, and is related to the stability of the vestibular system, the excitability of the cerebral cortex and vestibular habituation. The higher the stability of the vestibular system, the higher the excitability of the higher nerve centers, the less the chance of vertigo and the weaker the degree of vertigo. Such physiological characteristics of the vestibular system provide important ideas for the treatment of vertigo disorders, prevention of recurrence, and vestibular rehabilitation.