Our country is a myopic nation and the incidence of myopia is increasing every year. Myopia can cause a variety of eye problems, one is refractive problems and the other is vitreoretinal problems caused by the lengthening of the eye axis, and the two problems need to be treated differently. Refractive problems can be corrected in different ways depending on age and degree of myopia. Young patients with low to moderate myopia can have their myopia corrected by laser corneal refractive surgery. This type of surgery has undergone two to three decades of development and is now basically mature in terms of both technology and equipment. Currently, the use of surgery to treat myopia is very safe and effective. Although there have been reports about the risks of myopia surgery before, but that should be when this kind of treatment is just carried out, the technology and equipment may not be too mature, it is inevitable that there will be some problems, but in general the advantages of surgical correction of myopia outweigh the disadvantages. Young patients with moderate to high myopia can use intraocular lens implantation to correct myopia, i.e. ICL surgery. This method has been used in clinical practice for many years, and data show that it is a visually effective and safe procedure. Elderly myopic patients can have cataract surgery along with the implantation of a specific IOL to correct myopia, so that they can see distant objects clearly without wearing glasses after the surgery, or even implant a multifocal IOL with the function of correcting presbyopia, so as to realize the ability to look at cell phones, computers, and drive a car without the need to wear glasses after the surgery. There is another type of surgery to control the growth of the eye axis, called posterior scleral reinforcement surgery, which is specially designed for children and adolescents under the age of 18 years who have a high prescription and a rapid increase in the eye axis. This group of people have a long eye axis and cannot control the growth of the eye axis by other means, so posterior scleral reinforcement surgery can effectively inhibit the growth of the eye axis and slow down the progression of myopia to the greatest extent possible. In conclusion, through a large number of clinical studies, the effect of myopia treatment through surgery is very accurate and safe.