Cirrhosis is a common chronic progressive liver disease with diffuse liver damage formed by the long-term or repeated action of one or more etiologies. In China, most of them are post-hepatitis cirrhosis, and a few of them are alcoholic cirrhosis and schistosomiasis cirrhosis. Pathological histology has extensive hepatocyte necrosis, nodular regeneration of residual hepatocytes, connective tissue proliferation and fibrous septum formation, leading to structural destruction of liver lobules and pseudobullet formation, and progressive deformation and hardening of the liver to cirrhosis. In the early stage, there are no obvious symptoms due to the strong compensatory function of the liver, but in the later stage, liver function damage and portal hypertension are the main manifestations, and there is multi-system involvement. There are many causes of cirrhosis, which can be divided into viral hepatitis cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, metabolic cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, hepatic venous return obstruction cirrhosis, autoimmune cirrhosis, toxic and drug cirrhosis, malnutrition cirrhosis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis. 1.Viral hepatitis In China, viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B and C, is the main factor causing portal cirrhosis. 2.Alcoholism Long-term heavy alcohol abuse is one of the factors that cause cirrhosis. 3, nutritional disorders Most scholars recognize that malnutrition can reduce the resistance of liver cells to toxic and infectious factors, and become an indirect cause of cirrhosis. 4.Industrial toxins or drugs Long-term or repeated exposure to arsenic-containing pesticides, carbon tetrachloride, yellow phosphorus, chloroform, etc., or long-term use of certain drugs such as diphenhydramine, isoniazid, cinchofen, tetracycline, aminopterin, methyldopa, can produce toxic or drug-related hepatitis, which in turn leads to cirrhosis. Aflatoxin can also cause toxic damage to liver cells and cause cirrhosis. 5, circulatory disorders chronic congestive heart failure, chronic constrictive pericarditis can cause long-term stasis and hypoxia in the liver, causing hepatocyte necrosis and fibrosis, called stasis cirrhosis, also known as cardiogenic cirrhosis. 6, metabolic disorders such as hemochromatosis and hepatomegaly (also known as Wilson’s disease), etc. 7.Cholestasis The high concentration of bilirubin in extrahepatic bile duct obstruction or intrahepatic bile accumulation has a damaging effect on hepatocytes, and cirrhosis can occur after a long time. 8.Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis can cause significant portal hypertension due to the proliferation of connective tissue stimulated by eggs in the confluence area, which can also be called schistosomiasis cirrhosis. 9.Understood causes Some cirrhosis of the liver has unknown causes and is called cryptogenic cirrhosis.