Tooth decay, i.e. caries, when patients have swollen and painful gums, they can take surgical treatment, general measures of conditioning and other treatment methods. 1. Surgical treatment: patients with caries can take surgical treatment after the swelling of the gums subsides, and the surgical methods include composite resin direct bonding restoration, amalgam filling, inlay restoration and other surgeries. If caries has caused apical periapical inflammation, it is necessary to perform root canal treatment. However, the specific surgery needs to be chosen according to the doctor’s diagnosis. 2. General measures: When caries patients have swollen and painful gums, they should ensure that their mouths are clean and brush their teeth on time. Patients should eat less stimulating food, such as chili peppers, ginger, onions and so on. Patients with caries should go to the hospital in time and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.