Pupil examination includes: ① Pupil morphology. Both pupils should be equal in size and roundness, centered, and neatly edged. ② Pupillary reflexes. a. Direct to light reflex: when the eye is illuminated with a flashlight in a dark room, the pupil of the eye shrinks rapidly in response to the direct to light reflex; b. Indirect to light reflex: when the other eye is illuminated with a flashlight in a dark room, the pupil of the eye shrinks rapidly in response to the indirect to light reflex; c. Relative afferent pupillary disorder: when the healthy eye is illuminated with a flashlight, the pupils of both eyes shrink, and then the flashlight is moved to shine on the The affected eye, the pupils of both eyes do not shrink, alternating irradiation of both eyes at 1-second intervals, the pupils of the healthy eye shrink, and the pupils of the affected eye expand; d. Pooling reflex: first ask the subject to look at a distant target, and then change to look at a 15-cm near visual marker, when the pupils of both eyes shrink, accompanied by inward pooling of both eyes; e. Argyll-Robertson pupil: the direct light reflex disappears and the convergence reflex exists.