What is stuttering

Stuttering, as it is commonly known, is stuttering. It is the speech is not fluent, involuntary language repetition, prolongation, resulting in difficulty in speaking. The clinical manifestations are mainly manifested as the following: First, linguistic characteristics. Expressed as speech is more eager to express the external language, too fast, too urgent, too violent, can not work in coordination with the internal language, there is no normal rhythm and pause, which is the most core content of stuttering disorder. Incoherent speech, with word repetition and pauses, and stuttering are also the core elements of stuttering. Speaking is usually accompanied by chest tightness, shortness of breath, etc. In severe cases, there is even hand dancing and twitching of the facial muscles. Secondly, it is manifested as a psychological characteristic. Due to prolonged stuttering, people who stutter generally exhibit psychologically such emotions as low self-esteem, fear, and anxiety. The cognitive aspect is also affected, mistaking stuttering as a psychological disease. When many physiological treatments are used to correct it, but the desired effect is not achieved, the stuttering is considered incurable, and the person loses confidence completely, producing a desperate pessimism. Thirdly, they think that stuttering is the worst thing that can happen to them, and that they can’t do many things well because of stuttering, thus expanding, generalizing and absolutizing the harm of stuttering. In terms of physiological manifestations, it is mainly caused by tension and spasm in the respiratory muscles, laryngeal muscles, and other organs related to development. It can also be caused by a psychological disorder caused by a speech disorder, which in turn affects the speech disorder, and the two affect each other, thus causing a psychological disorder of speech.