Cirrhosis is a common disease in China, and the decompensated stage often manifests as portal hypertension: that is, recurrent ruptured hemorrhage of esophageal and gastric fundic varices and intractable thoracoabdominal fluid, which seriously endangers patients’ lives. Previously, conservative medical and surgical shunts and disconnections could not effectively reduce portal vein pressure. TIPS is a new method for treating portal hypertension, which uses guidewire and catheter technology to place a metal stent between intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic vein to establish a one-point flow channel to reduce the pressure of portal vein, and to embolize the esophageal and fundic veins that have been varices to achieve hemostatic effect. It is indicated for patients with recurrent ruptured esophageal and fundic variceal bleeding, intractable thoracic and ascites, and patients who have had poor results with medical and surgical treatment. For patients with uncontrolled bleeding, TIPS is far more effective than surgical esophageal variceal suturing in stopping bleeding and reducing mortality, and it is significantly better than endoscopic treatment and puncture for ascites in preventing rebleeding and treating intractable ascites. Given the advantages of low invasiveness, no need for general anesthesia and low operational difficulty, TIPS has gradually replaced surgical shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension in Europe and the United States. After TIPS treatment, most patients with cirrhosis have improved liver function, reduced or disappeared ascites, and greatly reduced or disappeared esophagogastric fundic varices on endoscopy. TIPS has the advantages of technical feasibility, high safety, repeatable operation, obvious effect, exact efficacy, little trauma, and both shunt and dissection. In high-risk cirrhosis with acute bleeding, early application of TIPS can improve the 1-year survival rate of patients and reduce the incidence of rebleeding. Since the introduction of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), a radiological interventional technique, into the clinic, it has become a major treatment option for the control of portal hypertensive bleeding and refractory ascites. This method is particularly suitable for the treatment of patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension, recurrent variceal bleeding due to massive portal vein thrombosis, previous splenectomy, and rebleeding after surgical portal-venous shunts.