In 2013, the General Office of the National Health and Planning Commission issued the Technical Code for Children’s Eye and Vision Care, which requires that a referral system for vision and eye disease screening of children aged 0-6 years be promoted in the national maternal and child healthcare system, and that early vision screening be systematically implemented in order to minimize and reduce the damage caused by early eye diseases to children’s visual development, and to protect and promote the normal development of children’s visual function. Against this background, this training course invited Prof. Zhao Kansing, former chairman of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch, and many other members to disseminate knowledge about children’s eye and vision care, and we hope that the dissemination of knowledge through this course will complement the national policy and help children’s vision care to be carried out smoothly. Assessment of Children’s Visual Development and Influencing Factors The critical period of children’s visual development from 0 to 3 years of age is when eye diseases arising at this stage will have a very great impact on the development of children’s vision.Before the age of 3 years, infants and children’s visual development is not yet perfect. Due to the low cognitive ability of children, the examiner is unable to make a determination based on the subjective response of the child, which requires the utilization of some special examination means and methods. At the same time, the examiner should have a strong sense of responsibility as well as skillful examination techniques, which can assess the vision condition of the child in a short period of time. In addition, vision screening is the simplest and easiest to implement means of evaluating how much the vision of infants and young children is affected, and the screening methods will vary at different ages with different levels of cooperation from the children. Early detection of eye diseases affecting children’s vision development and early treatment can minimize the prevention and reduction of vision damage caused by controllable eye diseases in children. Proper use of electronic products With the rapid means of the technological age, electronic products such as cell phones and tablet computers have brought great convenience to our lives, and children are inevitably and prematurely exposed to electronic products. As pediatric ophthalmologists, we do not recommend that children come into contact with electronic products too early, because children will use their eyes for a long time in close proximity during the period of inadvertence, coupled with the bright colors of the electronic screen, which will have a greater impact on the children’s eyesight, and can easily cause visual fatigue, which is easy to promote the occurrence of myopia. If it is really necessary to use electronic products, it is necessary to combine work and rest, and the time of use should be shortened as much as possible, and it is recommended to increase the time of children’s outdoor activities under the sun.