Nine out of ten people have hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids are a common and frequent disease. There are significant differences in the prevalence of the disease among patients of different occupations, and clinically the prevalence is significantly higher among cadres of authorities, car drivers, salesmen, and teachers, but it is also widespread in other populations as well, only to varying degrees. Because of the large number of people affected, some people think that hemorrhoids are not a serious disease and do not need to go to the hospital, is this really true? What are hemorrhoids? At present, there is a new breakthrough in the formation of hemorrhoids, which is called hemorrhoids because of the pathological hypertrophy and displacement of the anal cushion and the formation of a mass in the perianal subcutaneous blood vessels from blood flow stagnation. This view has replaced the traditional “varicose veins” theory. Clinically, hemorrhoids are divided into internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids according to their location, course and pathology. Internal hemorrhoids are the varicose vein masses of the superior rectal plexus, located above the dentate line and covered by the rectal mucosa. External hemorrhoids belong to the inferior rectal plexus and are located below the dentate line and covered by the skin of the anal canal. They often protrude from the anal orifice or outside the anus due to intravenous thrombosis. Mixed hemorrhoids are located above and below the dentate line and have both of these characteristics. According to the symptoms of hemorrhoids and the degree of danger to human health, there are four degrees of hemorrhoids: degree I: no pain, mainly bleeding (with blood, dripping blood), bleeding can stop on its own after the stool; degree II often has blood in the stool, hemorrhoids prolapse with defecation, but can be retracted on its own; degree III can have blood in the stool, defecation or prolonged standing and coughing, exertion, weight-bearing hemorrhoids prolapse outside the anal opening, must be held back by hand, degree IV often has blood in the stool, prolapsed objects It is not easy to retract. More than 90% of rectal cancer cases are misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids at the initial stage, which delays the treatment of rectal cancer. Many diagnostic errors can be prevented if patients with the initial impression of hemorrhoids are carefully questioned about their medical history and examined carefully. Hemorrhoids may occur in people of any age, while patients with rectal cancer are mostly middle-aged or elderly. Patients with hemorrhoids have blood in their stool, which is because the affected area is bruised during defecation, and most of the blood drips down with the stool discharge, so it does not mix with the stool, much less the presence of mucus. In contrast, the stools of rectal cancer patients are often mixed with blood, mucus and pus, and the stool habits may change significantly. The frequency of stools increases, and there is also a feeling of urgency. If the diarrhea does not decrease even after taking medication, you should pay special attention to it. What kind of treatment is currently used? Hemorrhoid treatment methods often used include: drug therapy, surgery, other therapies (including drug injection therapy, copper ion electrochemical therapy, withered hemorrhoid therapy, infrared therapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, etc.). Through a large number of clinical practice, it is proved that generally speaking, conservative treatment such as drug therapy and other therapies are less effective and may be somewhat effective in the short term, but are prone to recurrence, so for patients with frequent episodes or more serious anorectal disease surgery is the only way to eradicate the disease, and needs to be combined with drug therapy to reduce pain and shorten the course of treatment. The commonly used internal hemorrhoid surgeries are internal hemorrhoid injection and internal hemorrhoid ligation. Injection therapy can be divided into two types: sclerotherapy and necrolysis exfoliation therapy. The traditional injection therapy is to achieve the purpose of treatment by necrosis and shedding of dead hemorrhoids, due to the strong irritation of various necrotizing agents, the dosage and concentration is difficult to grasp, so currently most domestic advocate the use of sclerotherapy. Internal hemorrhoid ligation is a relatively thorough treatment method. Clinically, it can be divided into simple ligation method, continuous penetration ligation method, and adhesive ring device ligation method. External hemorrhoid surgery should be decided according to its nature, commonly used are thrombosed external hemorrhoid stripping, varicose thrombosed external hemorrhoid stripping and excision, connective tissue external hemorrhoid excision, inflammatory external hemorrhoids (including anal canal edema) often use the direct excision or decompression procedure. The traditional classical procedures often used for mixed hemorrhoids are internal injection and external excision, internal ligation and external excision, and internal injection and external peeling. The indications for each of these are often determined by the shape and extent of the internal hemorrhoids and the nature of the external hemorrhoids. After a lot of clinical practice, we have recently improved the above-mentioned procedures, namely, internal ligation (internal injection) and external peeling (external excision) plastic suturing, which can significantly shorten the course of treatment, reduce pain, and reduce or eliminate postoperative anal discomfort, anal stenosis and other complications. This method is in line with the minimally invasive concept of modern surgery, and it also greatly eliminates all the patient’s fears about surgery for anal diseases, so it is worth promoting its application [this method has become a science and technology research project of the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province in 2011]. Talking about the new technology of hemorrhoid treatment PPH surgery PPH surgery, or anastomotic hemorrhoid circumcision, is suitable for all kinds of hemorrhoids, especially for patients with severe internal hemorrhoids and partial rectal mucosal prolapse. The principle is that with the help of the anastomosis, the anal cushion is preserved and part of the internal hemorrhoids and the mucous membrane and submucous tissue on the hemorrhoids are removed in a circular fashion while an instant anastomosis is performed. The main advantages of PPH surgery are: less pain, less bleeding, quick recovery, generally only 1-3 days of hospitalization, which speeds up the recovery cycle and does not affect daily life. However, the disadvantages are higher excision, easy bleeding, easy recurrence (low location of hemorrhoids), and expensive. Pre-operative precautions for hemorrhoids A few days before hemorrhoid surgery, patients should make adequate preparations in terms of diet and rest, exclude diseases that are not suitable for surgery, such as: acute inflammation of the anus, hypertension, tuberculosis, severe anemia, nephritis, etc., and perform routine blood, urine, fecal, liver and kidney function tests as requested by the doctor. After hemorrhoid surgery, whether it is outpatient surgery or inpatient treatment, attention should be paid to self-adjustment in order to cooperate with treatment. 1.After treatment, rest in bed for a day, forbid long time sitting or standing to avoid bleeding, avoid strenuous activities for 15 days, no bicycle riding, etc., and do not defecate on the same day. 2.After the wound is healed, you can take a bath. After bathing, apply hemorrhoiditis flushing spirit or 1:1000 PP powder (currently it is no longer advocated) to sit in the anal bath for 15-20 minutes, and after drying, apply Jiuhua cream or suppository topically, once after stool and once before bedtime. 3, patients receive treatment from keep defecation once a day, stool should not be dry. Daily can eat fiber food, vegetables, green vegetables, bananas, honey, pears, etc. Do not eat chili, white wine, beef, mutton, dog meat and other hot food, listen to good doctor’s guidance. 4.Take anti-inflammatory drugs and hemostatic drugs routinely after surgery to prevent wound inflammation, erosion and infection. 5.If the stool is dry or not solved for 3 days, please inform the doctor in time and ask him/her to do further symptomatic treatment.