With the progress of the times and the increase in medical science, the anorectal diseases that people used to be “ashamed to talk about” are slowly unveiling their mysteries. What anal fistula, anal fissure, mixed hemorrhoids, anal glands, anal sinus, sphincter, the general public can talk to you for a while. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a lot of money from the internet. The hemorrhoid disease is not big, the hemorrhoid symptoms are prominent, many patients can diagnose themselves with hemorrhoids, go to the hospital to take a look, it is really the same thing. But to say that it’s small, you can’t take it lightly. On the surface, hemorrhoids are far less serious than important organ diseases such as heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen and liver, leading many people to not take hemorrhoids seriously either. The most important thing to know is that hemorrhoids can at any time become a cover for rampant colon tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, and other hungry wolves. How much do you know about hemorrhoids China’s 2015 epidemiological survey: the incidence of anorectal disease 50.1%, of which 98.09% hemorrhoids, with symptoms requiring treatment accounted for 44.7%. Among the top two, patients with benign anal disease and colorectal polyps accounted for 52.22% and 23.10% of patients with blood in stool, respectively, and it is noteworthy that about 27.24% of patients with benign anal disease had other colorectal diseases in combination. Blood in the stool, characterized by bloody stools or fresh blood under the stool, is the most common symptom of hemorrhoids and is most easily confused with other diseases. Blood in the stool in hemorrhoids is mostly associated with bowel movements, the blood is bright red, there is usually no pain in the stool, mild blood in the stool manifests as blood staining the toilet paper or dripping blood, and in severe cases it manifests as jet-like bleeding, the blood in the stool usually stops on its own and is not accompanied by abdominal symptoms. The prevalence of hemorrhoids, many diseases with blood in the main complaint, should not be satisfied with the diagnosis of benign anal diseases such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures, should be based on the principle of “better to catch the wrong, not to let go”, detailed diagnosis and treatment, to prevent major diseases “play pig eat tiger”. The first symptom in many patients with hemorrhoids is the prolapsed mass, which must be distinguished from other benign anorectal diseases. The first thing that you need to do is to use your hands to push the hemorrhoids back in, and they can come out of the anus when the abdominal pressure is increased by walking or coughing, which affects the patient’s daily life. Once the internal hemorrhoid has prolapsed and become embedded, it can cause severe pain. The patient should pay attention to the following points before visiting the doctor, which will help to better the diagnosis: whether there is alcohol, spicy diet or unclean diet, bleeding before or after stool, simple blood or both mucus and pus, mixed with stool or attached to the surface of stool, the color of bleeding, the speed of bleeding, the amount of bleeding, and whether there is any other discomfort accompanying it. Be alert to four major diseases 1, colorectal malignant tumors colorectal malignant tumors bleeding dark, often mixed with mucus or pus, odor, with changes in bowel habits, thinning of the stool, weight loss, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, the sense of urgency, the whole colonoscopy and biopsy histopathology can determine the diagnosis. 2, colorectal polyps colorectal polyps manifested as mucus blood stool, blood adhering to the surface of the stool, blood is bright red, polyp location higher blood can be dark red, or only positive fecal occult blood test, location of the lower rectal polyps can also be accompanied by polyps prolapse, symptoms are very similar to hemorrhoids. Colorectal polyps are the most common benign tumors of the intestine, accounting for 80% of intestinal polyps, mostly occurring in people over 50 years of age, and the detection rate of colorectal polyps in people over 60 years of age is 44.7% or higher. Due to the high incidence of colorectal polyps, and the size of polyps, growth time, the proportion of villi components, the degree of atypical hyperplasia and its cancer has an obvious positive correlation, once the polyps are misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids, the patient’s life may be threatened by cancer. The Kaiser Permanente study confirmed a negative correlation between the detection rate of adenomas and the occurrence of colorectal cancer, progressive colorectal cancer and advanced cancer during the follow-up period. Prevention is the main focus, and the combination of prevention and treatment is the ideal choice to prevent cancer to the greatest extent and guard health. In the face of such a serious situation, blood in the stool, who dares not to take it seriously? 3, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory bowel disease states, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease two major disease types, the main clinical manifestations are diarrhea (bloody stool, mucus stool), abdominal pain, physical decline, wasting, low-grade fever. The main intestinal complications are bleeding, intestinal perforation, intestinal stricture and obstruction, fistula and perianal disease, toxic megacolon, and even cancer. It is estimated that up to 25% of patients have extra-intestinal complications, 15-20% of which are associated with arthralgia. Epidemiological surveys show that the incidence and prevalence of IBD in Asia, especially in East Asia, continues to rise. Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by recurrent attacks and prolonged treatment, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The current treatment protocols recommended by the treatment guidelines are mainly anti-inflammatory, immunomodulators and hormone therapy, which can control the symptoms but require long-term medication, with obvious side effects and heavy economic burden. 4, benign anorectal diseases (1) rectal prolapse: is a disease in which the rectum, anal canal, and even part of the sigmoid colon shift down and out. Mostly seen in young people and the elderly, often causing painful symptoms such as fecal incontinence. The prolapsed rectum is ring-shaped, light red, soft and smooth, with increased perianal secretions, with relaxed anal sphincter, no varicose veins, and generally no bleeding. If it is not reset in time, local venous reflux will be blocked, followed by mucosal congestion and edema, resulting in entrapment, erosion and necrosis. Long-term complete prolapse of the rectum will lead to nerve damage in the pubic area and the risk of anal incontinence, ulceration, bleeding, stricture and necrosis. Surgery is still the main means of treating rectal prolapse, and there are hundreds of methods, both transabdominal and perineal, but none of them have very satisfactory results. Therefore, it is better to receive treatment at an early stage of prolapse to stop its further development. (2) Anal fissure: i.e., a longitudinal fissure of the entire skin of the anal canal and the formation of an infected ulcer, which is predominantly painful and painful in a cyclic manner (pain decreases or disappears within a few minutes after defecation, and intense pain due to reflex internal sphincter spasm contraction occurs half an hour after defecation), and bleeding during defecation, which is bright red and dripping down. Constipation and anal fissure are mutually causal and affect each other. The four main types of diseases mentioned above have similar symptoms, so if you are not aware of them clinically, they can easily be mistaken for hemorrhoids, or not taken seriously, or misdiagnosed and mistreated, causing the disease to finally develop out of control.