The survival time of patients after bone marrow transplantation depends long on the type of disease and disease status (complete remission, relapse, progression), transplantation method (allogeneic, autologous), mating status (related, unrelated donor) source of hematopoietic stem cells (peripheral blood, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood), and the presence of postoperative complications, and other factors, and cannot be generalized. In case of severe aplastic anemia, transplantation with a full sibling match usually results in an 80% long-term survival rate for the patient. In the case of acute leukemia patients, approximately 60% of adult acute leukemia patients with bone marrow transplantation usually have a survival of more than 3 years, with some patients reaching 5-6 years. In addition, the success rate of bone marrow transplantation is related to the patient’s age and physical quality, but with the advancement of technology, the success rate of bone marrow transplantation is greatly improved, and the survival period of most patients is gradually extended, basically reaching more than 3 years. In addition, since patients are prone to osteoporosis after bone marrow transplantation, attention should be paid to calcium supplementation, light and less oily nutritious food, as well as improving the immunity of the body and paying attention to the prevention of infection.