Heart bypass surgery As the name suggests, bypass surgery is to take the patient’s own blood vessels (such as the internal mammary artery, radial artery, saphenous vein of the lower extremity, etc.) and connect the distal end of the narrowed coronary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the narrowed part and reach the ischemic area to improve the blood supply to the myocardium, thereby relieving angina symptoms, improving heart function, improving the patient’s quality of life and prolonging life expectancy. This procedure creates an unobstructed path between the arterial blood-filled aortic root and the ischemic myocardium, which is why it is imaginatively referred to as a “bridge” over the heart, commonly referred to as “bypass surgery” or heart bypass grafting.