Frequent urinary urgency in middle-aged and older women is a very common clinical symptom that generally tends to suggest the possible presence of acute bacterial cystitis. Acute bacterial cystitis has a high incidence in life and is mainly caused by bacterial infections, the most common causative agents being Escherichia coli, Aspergillus, Staphylococcus and so on. It is usually a retrograde infection of the bladder via the urethra, and some other causes can be seen in patients with overactive bladder. Overactive bladder syndrome is due to the instability of the bladder’s detrusor muscle, which often contracts involuntarily, so patients also have clinical symptoms such as frequent and urgent urination. In addition, other common causes for women, such as interstitial cystitis and glandular cystitis, are usually due to specific causes of bladder inflammation, which can also cause recurrent urinary frequency and urgency in women.