The length of the menstrual cycle and period is different for every woman. The average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, with most women having menstrual cycles lasting 24-34 days and periods lasting 4-7 days. For younger women who have just started menstruating, the menstrual cycle time is usually 21-45 days or longer. The menstrual cycle begins to become thinner after a woman reaches the age of 40. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, a form of menstrual irregularity, is due to abnormal vaginal bleeding caused by changes in hormone levels. Ovulation is the process by which egg cells are released from one ovary during the menstrual cycle. The most common cause of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is the failure of the ovaries to ovulate, resulting in abnormal hormone levels in the body, which can cause shorter or longer menstrual cycles and heavier periods. When the following changes occur in your menstruation, dear women, at this time you need to be alerted whether you have suffered from dysfunctional uterine bleeding disease: vaginal bleeding or vaginal spotting between two menstrual periods; menstrual cycle shorter than 28 days or more than 35 days; change in the time of each menstrual cycle; heavy bleeding; bleeding usually exceeds the weekday menstrual period or more than 7 days. Other symptoms can be caused when hormone levels change in our female bodies: excessive body hair growth; hot flashes; mood swings; vaginal dryness. Women usually feel tired and weak from too much blood loss. If the above symptoms are present, then we need further tests to clarify whether it is a menstrual disorder and to find out the severity of the condition. Tests: Blood count, coagulation function, hormone tests (LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, androgens, prolactin), blood and urine HCG (to rule out pregnancy), thyroid function, need to look for possible foci of infection (to rule out inflammatory diseases). Endometrial biopsy: To look for possible infection, precancerous lesions, malignant tumors, or to guide subsequent hormone therapy. Hysteroscopy: A lightweight and flexible micro-camera is inserted into the uterine cavity from the patient’s vagina to observe the morphology of the uterine cavity and the changes in the lining of the uterus. Transvaginal ultrasound: Ultrasound is used to look for possible abnormalities in the uterus or pelvis. How it is treated: Menstrual disorders in young women during the first few years of menstruation usually do not require treatment, unless the symptoms are severe: for example, heavy bleeding leading to severe anemia often requires further treatment. In other women, the treatment of menstrual disorders is aimed at controlling the menstrual cycle: oral contraceptives or progestogen preparations are usually used; an intrauterine device (IUD), which releases progestogen, is often effective in treating heavy periods and menstrual cramps. Women with anemia need iron supplementation therapy; if you want to get pregnant in the near future, consider applying ovulation stimulants. Some women who do not get good results from medications or have severe symptoms usually need surgical treatments: endometrial ablation or resection: destroys and cauterizes the endometrium, resulting in reduced or no menstrual flow; hysterectomy: less commonly used now; and endometrial polyp removal if endometrial polyps are found. In summary, hormone therapy usually relieves symptoms, and if you are not anemic, no other treatment is usually needed. Complications associated with irregular menstruation: infertility due to anovulation; anemia due to prolonged heavy vaginal bleeding; and may be a high-risk factor for the development of endometrial cancer. When do we need to seek medical help: When you have abnormal vaginal bleeding, there is no need to panic, what you need is to go to the hospital.