The uterine septum is a partition formed in the uterine cavity during the development of the embryo due to the obstruction of the absorption of the paramedian ducts on both sides. A complete septum is formed when the uterine cavity is completely separated into two parts from the fundus to the endocervix, while an incomplete septum is formed when the uterine cavity is only partially separated from the fundus to the uterine cavity. Septum changes the symmetrical shape of the uterine cavity and may interfere with normal reproductive function, often causing infertility, recurrent miscarriage, preterm delivery and abnormal fetal position. Symptomatic septate uterus requires treatment and the traditional treatment for infertility is the Jones or Tompkins procedure. All of these surgical methods require an open abdomen and incision of the uterus, so patients have a long hospital stay, slow postoperative recovery, and must use contraception for 3 to 6 months, or even longer, to allow the uterine trauma to recover. For those patients who have a postoperative pregnancy that is maintained to full term, a cesarean delivery is often required to prevent uterine rupture. There are still some patients who cannot become pregnant after surgery due to pelvic adhesions, especially of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, requiring another cesarean section and incision of the uterus, after which adhesions may occur and infertility may reoccur. Nowadays, the transcervicalresection of uterine septa (TCRS) procedure is available. The first hysteroscopic septum resection was performed in 1971 and is now widely used in clinical practice. The postoperative full-term delivery rate is 62.8-87%. The mechanism for the improved prognosis may be the expansion of the uterine volume, which provides a suitable implantation site for the pregnant egg, and the endometrial function improved by revascularization of the uterine conjunctival tissue. -Conception is possible within 2 months, and pregnancy can be delivered vaginally without obstetric indications. Today, TCRS has become the standard procedure for the treatment of septate uterus. Giacomucci reported [2] a full-term pregnancy rate of 62.8% after orthopedic surgery for complete and incomplete septate uterus. The results of hysteroscopic hysterotomy of the septum (TCRS) performed in combination with laparoscopy and/or ultrasound in 107 patients with septum from April 1992 to September 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent TCRS under ultrasound supervision and the mean time of hysteroscopic procedure was (21.23±7.42) min with no complications. The follow-up rate was 90.65% in 97 patients, and the miscarriage rate decreased from 93.10% preoperatively to 29.09% postoperatively from 5 months to 10 years after surgery; the delivery rate increased from 3.45% preoperatively to 52.73% postoperatively, with significant differences. El Saman et al [4] reported 94.1% pregnancy success rate after TCRS in septate uterus; 80% in mixed septum, and Dalal reported [5] 45.83% pregnancy within one year after surgery. The cautionary note is that obstetric uterine rupture has been reported in subsequent pregnancies with or without uterine perforation at the time of TCRS. Sentilhes et al [6] reviewed the literature on uterine rupture after hysteroscopic surgery in English, German and French and reported a total of 14 cases, 12 of which were TCRS, 8 of which had intraoperative uterine perforation and 9 of which were electrosurgery. the interval between TCRS and postoperative pregnancy ranged from 1 month to 5 years with a mean of 16 months. 6 cases were followed up with HSG and 5 were normal. 2 cases were detected by serial ultrasound scans during pregnancy. TCRS is a high risk factor for uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies. Intraoperative uterine perforation and/or the use of electrosurgery increase the risk of uterine rupture in pregnancy, but are not independent risk factors.