Uveitis is an eye disease that can occur in all age groups, but mostly in young adults, with a wide variety of causes, and can lead to blindness if not treated properly. When uveitis occurs, patients can have symptoms such as eye redness, eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision, etc. Its diagnosis and treatment is a difficult problem in the field of ophthalmology, with emphasis on individualization. Second, age-related macular degeneration Age-related macular degeneration is a kind of fundus disease with multifactorial compound effect related to ageing. The older the age, the higher the prevalence. Therefore, it is also called age-related macular degeneration. The true cause of this disease is unknown, but it may be due to ischemia of the choroidal capillaries in the macula, rupture of the vitreous membrane degeneration, and decreased ability of the pigment epithelium to nibble and digest the metabolic products of the optic cells (outer segment disc membrane), resulting in the deposition of residual disc membrane vesicles to form vitreous warts. In addition, choroidal neovascularization enters the subretina and exudation and hemorrhage occur. Clinically, it is divided into atrophic type (dry type) and exudative type (wet type), and the exudative type is also called age-related macular disc degeneration. This disease is one of the main causes of blindness in the elderly. Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy (the most important manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy, a kind of fundus lesion with specific changes, is one of the serious complications of diabetes and one of the main causes of blindness in young and middle-aged people. Diabetic retinopathy without retinal neovascularization is called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (or simple or background type), while diabetic retinopathy with retinal neovascularization is called proliferative diabetic retinopathy, according to whether retinal neovascularization occurs as a marker. IV. Macular disease Macular disease, including macular fissure and macular anterior membrane, is a major cause of vision impairment in the elderly, and patients will feel progressively worse visual distortion. V. Retinopathy of prematurity Retinopathy of prematurity refers to the fibrovascular proliferation and contraction of the unvascularized retina in preterm infants with low birth weight and prolonged oxygenation, and further causes traction retinal detachment and blindness. VI. Cataract surgery Complex cataracts including post vitrectomy, small pupil, post trauma, scleritis, uveitis, etc., seriously affect the patient’s vision, but unlike general conventional senile cataracts, the management of these complex cataracts often requires special surgical skills and advanced surgical equipment to ensure successful surgery, otherwise they may cause serious complications and lead to irreversible damage to vision. VII. Complex glaucoma surgery: Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the pressure inside the eye is either intermittently or continuously elevated. Elevated intraocular pressure can manifest itself in a variety of different symptoms depending on its etiology. Continuous high intraocular pressure can cause damage to various parts of the eye and visual function, resulting in decreased visual acuity and reduced visual field. Therefore, glaucoma is one of the major diseases that cause blindness. Complex glaucoma surgery, including neovascular glaucoma, residual glaucoma and malignant glaucoma, requires a high level of operator experience, and serious intraoperative and postoperative complications may occur if treated according to general glaucoma surgery, and the postoperative IOP control results are often unsatisfactory. VIII. Innovative glaucoma surgery Glaucoma is the first irreversible and blinding eye disease worldwide. Glaucoma is a group of diseases with characteristic optic neuropathy with corresponding visual field defects, and elevated intraocular pressure is one of its primary risk factors. Surgical treatment is one of the main treatments for glaucoma. IX. Glaucoma-related cataract surgery and combined glaucoma cataract surgery Glaucoma-related cataracts severely affect patients’ vision, but unlike regular conventional age-related cataracts, patients have special eye structures, and the management of this type of cataract often requires special surgical skills and advanced surgical equipment to ensure successful surgery. Glaucoma patients sometimes require a combination of anti-glaucoma surgery and cataract surgery to obtain good surgical results, and this type of surgery requires even more skillful surgical techniques.