Urinary stones are one of the common diseases with a high recurrence rate. Factors for stone formation include increased excretion of stone forming substances such as calcium, oxalic acid, and other uric acid in the urine, decreased uric acidity, decreased urine volume, decreased content of substances that inhibit crystal formation in the urine, anatomical abnormalities such as urinary tract obstruction leading to urinary tract infection, and calcium salt deposition. Kidney stones can enter the renal pelvis or ureter. When stones obstruct the pelvic-ureteral junction or ureter, they can cause acute complete obstruction or chronic incomplete obstruction, and the former can cause no kidney damage after timely release of the obstruction. Chronic incomplete obstruction leads to hydronephrosis, which gradually damages the renal parenchyma and affects renal function. Diagnostic tests for urinary tract stones include: Ultrasound, which can detect positive and negative X-rays of stones above 2 mm. Urograms can detect about 90% of X-ray positive stones and can roughly determine the location, shape, size and number of stones. Intravenous urography can determine the location of stones in the urinary tract, understand the function of the divided kidneys, and determine the degree of hydronephrosis. There are also CT scans, retrograde or percutaneous nephrostomy, and magnetic resonance hydrography. Routine examination of blood analysis, urinalysis and stone analysis in patients with stones helps to have a comprehensive understanding of the condition. Generally speaking, some patients with stones less than 0.6 cm in diameter, smooth stone surface, no obstruction in the urinary tract below the stones, stones not causing complete obstruction in the urinary tract, staying in the local area for less than 2 weeks, and after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be treated with drug lithotripsy. Lithotripsy methods include drinking 2000-3000 ml of water daily, together with Chinese herbal medicine and moderate increase in exercise. For the treatment of ureteral stones, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopic lithotripsy for stone extraction is generally available. For kidney stones smaller than 2cm, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be chosen. For kidney stones larger than 2cm, minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotripsy or open surgery can be considered. For prevention of urinary tract stones, it is generally recommended that the daily fluid intake should be above 2.5 to 3.0L, so that the daily urine volume is kept above 2.0 to 2.5L. The type of water consumed is generally non-dairy fluids with low oxalic acid content. Maintain a comprehensive balance of dietary nutrients and avoid excessive intake of one of them. Limit the intake of oxalic acid in the diet, such as avoiding excessive intake of oxalic acid-rich foods such as spinach, peanuts, rhubarb, black tea and almonds. Limit excessive intake of sodium and protein, restrict high purine diet, reduce intake of vitamin C, increase coarse grains and fiber diet, reduce body weight, etc.