At the end of the disease, patients with AIDS are prone to a variety of opportunistic infections, most commonly tuberculosis, and opportunistic tumors, due to the decline in immunity. When a patient has blood in the sputum, first of all, he or she should be alerted to the presence of tuberculosis. Secondly, it is also necessary to be alert for the development of lung tumors. In this case, it is usually necessary to inquire about the patient’s symptoms, whether there is coughing and sputum, as well as hot flashes, night sweats, and wasting. In addition, a CT examination of the chest needs to be completed to clarify the nature and location of the lung lesion. In addition, it is also necessary to determine the site of the lung lesion is more appropriate to use bronchoscopy, or lung aspiration biopsy. The nature of the lesion will be determined by clinical observation and detailed examination. If there is no abnormality in the above mentioned cases, it is also necessary to clarify whether the blood in the sputum is caused by a lesion in the pharynx.