It is difficult to determine the specific cause of the disease, but generally speaking, it is related to the genetic predisposition of the child to allergies. Some studies have found that the risk of allergy in newborns is about 5%-15% in the absence of allergic problems in family members, about 20%-40% in the presence of allergic problems in one parent, and about 50-70% in the presence of allergic problems in both parents. Allergens such as food (e.g., milk, eggs and mother’s food), pollen, fur fibers, chemical volatiles and other inhalants, other contacts (e.g., soap, hard water, cold wind, etc.), skin irritation (e.g., scratching, rubbing, wetting, etc.) and vaccinations can cause and/or aggravate the condition. Another study indicated that the high incidence of pediatric eczema is mainly due to the thin stratum corneum of the affected skin, the rich capillary network, and the high water and chloride content of the endothelium, which makes it prone to metaplasia. In addition, mechanical friction, such as frequent irritation from spilled milk and saliva, is also a trigger for this disease. Improper care, such as excessive use of strong alkaline soaps, excessive nutrition, and abnormal digestion in the intestine can also cause the disease. In some infants, especially during the neonatal period, maternal estrogen is transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, resulting in increased corticism in the newborn, leading to seborrheic eczema. In addition, certain external factors, such as sunlight, ultraviolet light, cold, heat and humidity and other physical factors, contact with textiles or artificial fibers, topical medications, and bacterial skin infections can cause eczema or aggravate the condition of the child. Once eczema is present, it can seriously affect the child’s rest, appetite and sleep. The pathogenesis of infantile eczema is still not fully understood, but most scholars believe that IgE-mediated antigen presentation is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. 4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10 and other cytokines. Th1 and Th2 cells are dysfunctional and Th2-like cells overreact, leading to IgE production and finally activation of mast cells and eosinophils through immune response or non-immune response leading to clinical symptoms. Acute lesions exhibit a typical Th2 cytokine pattern, while in the chronic and improving phases of lesions, a mixed Th1 and Th2 pattern is present. Superantigens (pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi) bind to the T cell receptor (TCR) region V6 and stimulate T cell activation and proliferation, stimulating T cell production of a large number of cytokines and also activating self-reactive T cells, which are involved in the development of metaplasia. Currently, eczema treatment drugs in Western medicine can be divided into two categories: topical skin drugs and systemic drugs. Systemic drugs include antihistamines, calcium, vitamin C, sodium thiosulfate, and antibiotics for extensive secondary infections. Topical medications, mainly corticosteroids (hormones), are the main drugs used to treat atopic skin diseases in children. Non-hormonal ointments, such as the new calcium-regulated phosphatase inhibitors, are expensive and have potential risks. Because the incidence of this disease is increasing year by year, it is prone to secondary bacterial infections, impetigo, scabies, local lymphadenitis, and even sepsis or septicemia, leading to serious consequences, and is prone to chronicity, causing great mental burden to the child and parents, which is not conducive to the physical and mental health of the child, and is therefore of great concern to the medical community. However, eczema in infants and young children is often large in size, and the long-term use of hormones can cause local capillary dilation and skin pigmentation. A considerable number of parents clinically refuse to use hormonal drugs for a long time; oral Chinese medicine preparations are difficult for infants and children to accept, so the use of external Chinese medicine is a good treatment method. Pediatric eczema has been recognized in ancient Chinese medical literature, such as the “Surgery”: “child born in the fetus, the mother eats five pungent, fetal convergence sores, this disease is born on the top of the baby’s head, or the end of the eyebrows, also known as ringworm, itchy white flakes, shaped like ringworm scabies, from the fetal blood heat, fall grass by wind entanglement, this is a dry convergence, there is a mistake with hot wash, skin corn, scratching itchy, yellow water immersion, extended all over the body, that is, wet convergence. ” Modern doctor Dong Youqi that the main cause of pediatric eczema in the pregnant mother in the pregnancy wanton diet, over-eating spicy and stimulating meat and fishy things that move the wind, leaving heat in the fetus, after the birth of wind-heat; or the child’s diet is unclean, injury to the spleen and stomach, resulting in the loss of spleen health, moisture and heat contained within, and external wind evil, internal and external two evil fight, immersion in the blood, internal can not drain, external can not penetrate, depressed in the skin between the couples, so the skin rash with red itchy or Jin The skin rash is red and itchy, or the water overflows. Professor Li Xiuliang believes that: the occurrence of eczema is mostly responsible for external wind-damp-heat evil, and internal body constitution is often insufficient spleen. The heart heat is fire, and the spleen produces more dampness, so it is mostly closely related to the heart and spleen. Therefore, our department follows the theory of “the external treatment is the internal treatment, the external treatment is the internal treatment, the only difference is the method” and “the external treatment of internal diseases, the same path”. According to the physiological characteristics of children’s “spleen is always deficient”, the principle of “clearing heat should not make it bitter and cold, drying dampness should not harm yin, and eliminating evil should not harm the righteous” is proposed. The treatment of pediatric eczema with external Chinese herbal medicine is simple and easy, with remarkable efficacy and easy acceptance by children and parents, and has achieved good results and is well received by parents.