Neonatal acne is an inflammatory dermatosis of the follicular sebaceous glands that occurs during the neonatal period, with acne and follicular inflammatory papules as the main manifestations; neonatal eczema is an allergic dermatosis that occurs during the neonatal period, with pruritic erythema based on papules and pimples as the main manifestations and a significant tendency to exude. Although both are prone to first appear on the facial area, there are significant differences in etiology and pathogenesis. Eczema in the neonatal period is mostly an infantile manifestation of atopic dermatitis, also known as “atopic dermatitis” or “hereditary atopic dermatitis”, which is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with genetic allergies. It is a chronic inflammatory skin disease related to genetic allergies, with no significant gender differences in its onset. The lesions are polymorphic and have a tendency to exude similar to acute eczema, with a high incidence from 2 months to 1 year of age. The initial manifestation is pruritic erythema on both cheeks, on the basis of which papules and papules gradually appear, and secondary lesions such as vesicles, oozing and crusting may occur after the inflammation has increased, followed by gradual expansion to the scalp, forehead and neck centered on the cheeks, and in severe cases to the trunk and limbs. The course of the disease is prolonged and easily recurring, and generally resolves gradually within 2 years of age. The clinical appearance and etiology of neonatal acne are not substantially different from those of acne in adolescence, but are most common in male infants within 3 months. After oxidation by air, blackhead pimples can be formed. In a few severe cases, papules, pustules, nodules and cysts can occur, but the symptoms are milder than those of typical adolescent acne. The lesions are usually limited to the cheeks and forehead, and some children may be involved under the chin. The milder symptoms of acne usually subside within a few weeks after the onset of the disease, and papules and pustules can also generally improve within half a year. Therefore, neonatal eczema and acne need to be differentiated by the gender of the disease, the clinical manifestations of the initial lesions, and the evolution of the lesions during the course of the disease.