A. Is “vascular surgery” and “cardiovascular” and “hematology” the same department?
Vascular surgery is an emerging discipline, the scope of treatment includes all arterial, venous, lymphatic system diseases in addition to the heart and cerebrovascular. Vascular surgery in the late start in China, but the rapid development of its specialty is still mainly concentrated in some large hospitals in major cities, for most people, vascular surgery is still not well known, the following is a brief introduction to the scope of vascular surgery treatment of diseases, so that we know the disease, which should go to see.
Second, the scope of vascular surgery disease diagnosis and treatment.
1, arterial system diseases.
(1) aneurysm: thoracic aortic aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral aneurysm.
(2) Inflammatory arterial occlusive diseases: thrombo-occlusive vasculitis, multiple aortitis.
(3) Arteriosclerotic occlusive diseases: arteriosclerotic occlusive disease, diabetic foot, carotid artery stenosis.
(4) Acute arterial thromboembolic diseases: acute limb artery embolism and thrombosis, acute mesenteric vascular supply insufficiency.
(5) Functional arterial disease: Raynaud’s disease and Raynaud’s sign.
2. Venous system disease thrombotic superficial phlebitis.
(1) Deep vein thrombosis and its complications pulmonary embolism.
(2) Venous non-obstructive diseases: primary lower limb deep vein valve insufficiency, lower limb varicose veins.
(3) Lymphatic system diseases: lymphangitis, dengue, lymphedema.
4.Other: arteriovenous fistula, hemangioma.
3.Hazards of vascular disease.
1.Arterial disease of the extremities → pain in the extremities, muscle atrophy, functional decline, amputation
2, large vessel disease → hypertension, impotence, amputation, death, etc.
3.Arteriopathy of the neck → stroke, paralysis, death
4.Venous thrombosis of the lower extremities → swelling of limbs, dysfunction, death by pulmonary infarction
5.Aneurysm → death by haemorrhage
IV. What symptoms should be seen in vascular surgery?
1.Sudden onset of tearing pain in the chest and back: possible thoracic aortic coarctation aneurysm.
2.Pulsating masses in the abdomen, neck, and extremities: possible aneurysm.
3.Sudden pain, coldness and discoloration of the limbs: possible arterial embolism or thrombosis.
4.Intermittent claudication, or even limb ulceration or gangrene: arterial stenosis or occlusion is possible.
5.Sudden transient syncope and fall (TIA) in the elderly, cerebral infarction: carotid artery stenosis is possible.
6, adolescents with cerebral ischemia, arterial ischemia of the extremities, renal hypertension, abnormal renal function: there is a possibility of aortitis.
7, acute abdomen with heavy abdominal pain but light signs: acute mesenteric vascular disease is possible.
8.Sudden swelling of the lower limbs: there is a possibility of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs.
9, varicose veins of the lower extremities: there is a possibility of lower extremity reflux disease.
10.Pigmentation and ulceration of lower leg: possible sequelae of deep vein thrombosis.
11.Toe and dorsal foot ulceration and blackening: occlusive atherosclerosis, diabetic foot and vasculitis may be present.
V. Common examination methods for vascular disease.
1.Ultrasound can be used for preliminary diagnosis of diseases, which is non-invasive, qualitative, convenient and concise.
2.CT
3.Magnetic resonance
4.Angiography (arteriogram, venogram) The most accurate diagnosis method.
VI. Common treatment methods for vascular diseases.
1.Basic treatment: including drug therapy, functional exercise and targeted protective measures. For the early vascular disease effect is good, in the middle and late stage can be different degrees to alleviate the symptoms of the disease, but can not directly remove the cause of the disease root.
2.Conventional surgical treatment: open surgery to treat the diseased blood vessels, the efficacy is exact, but the risk is relatively large.
3.Intraluminal therapy treatment: It is the most characteristic minimally invasive treatment of vascular surgery, with less damage, less bleeding and good effect.