Definition of In Vitro Fertilization
IVF is a fertilization technique in which the sperm and egg are removed and fertilized in vitro to form a fertilized egg, which is then transferred into the mother’s uterus after the embryo formed by continuing to culture the fertilized egg in vitro for a period of time (usually 3-5 days). IVF can be divided into in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) (first generation IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection (ICSI) (second generation IVF) and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (third generation IVF).
1.In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET)
IVF-ET, also known as “first generation IVF”, involves collecting the male partner’s semen and the female partner’s eggs together in a laboratory to allow them to unite naturally (in vitro fertilization) and develop into early embryos, which are then transferred to the female partner’s uterine cavity for implantation and pregnancy.
Indications for first generation IVF
The female partner has difficulty in combining sperm and egg due to tubal factors, such as obstruction of the fallopian tubes caused by inflammation, tubal insufficiency, post tubal ligation, post bilateral tubectomy for ectopic pregnancy, etc;
Ovulation disorders in the female partner;
Endometriosis;
Low or weak spermatozoa in the male partner;
Immunological infertility, such as the presence of anti-sperm antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, etc.
Unexplained infertility.
Contraindications to first generation IVF
Acute infection of the reproductive or urinary system or sexually transmitted diseases in either sex;
Alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. in either sex;
Either partner is exposed to teratogenic amount of radiation, toxins, drugs and is in the period of action;
The woman’s uterus does not have the function of pregnancy or serious physical disease can not bear pregnancy;
The female partner is suffering from genetic diseases that are not suitable for childbirth according to the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law and are currently unable to undergo pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.
Tips for the three diseases
According to the regulations of the Ministry of Health, patients undergoing assisted reproductive treatment must comply with the national family planning policy. Therefore, you should prepare the following documents when you are ready to receive the treatment: the couple’s status, the marriage, and the birth certificate. The three documents must be identical in name, and the birth certificate must be within the validity period, and you must bring the original and a copy during the treatment period.
2.Intracytoplasmic single sperm injection (ICSI)
ICSI, also known as “second-generation IVF”, is a microscopic fertilization technique developed on the basis of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), in which sperm is injected directly into the cytoplasm of the oocyte to achieve the purpose of pregnancy, mainly to solve some serious male factor-induced infertility.
Indications for second-generation IVF
Severe oligospermia, hypospermia and teratospermia in the male partner;
Irreversible obstructive azoospermia;
Spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding genetic defects);
Immunological infertility;
In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) fertilization failure;
Sperm without acrosome or abnormal acrosome function; Pre-implantation embryo genetic testing is required.
Contraindications to second-generation IVF
Acute infection of the reproductive or urinary system or sexually transmitted diseases in either sex;
Alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. in either sex;
Either partner is exposed to teratogenic amount of radiation, toxins, drugs and is in the period of action;
The woman’s uterus does not have the function of pregnancy or serious physical disease can not bear pregnancy;
The female partner is suffering from genetic diseases that are not suitable for childbirth according to the Maternal and Infant Health Care Law and cannot be diagnosed by pre-implantation genetics at present.
The male partner suffers from serious hereditary diseases that are not suitable for childbirth, such as abnormal and serious mutations and ectopics in the karyotype of the chromosome.