Common hernias can be simply divided into inguinal and abdominal wall hernias. Inguinal hernias can be further divided into hiatal, ventral and femoral hernias. Wall hernias are named according to their location and include umbilical, lumbar, white line, diaphragmatic, esophageal, and incisional hernias, among others. Inguinal hernias are more common clinically, accounting for about 2-5% of the total population, while wall hernias are relatively rare. There are two main principles in the treatment of modern hernias: tension-free and large coverage defects. Ventral wall hernias have their own characteristics in treatment because of the wide variation in location. Inguinal hernias are fixed in location and all occur in the area of weakness of the pubococcygeal foramen, so the treatment is essentially the same. For inguinal hernias, the size of the patch should cover the entire pubococcygeal foramen. Once the principles are established, all that remains is to implement different approaches depending on the patient. All inguinal hernias have the possibility of entrapment (i.e., the hernia cannot be held up after it has fallen), and all entrapment hernias require emergency surgery to prevent necrosis of the hernia contents (which can be the greater omentum, but also the intestine, bladder, etc.). For inguinal hernias, high ligation of the hernia sac is usually sufficient, and laparoscopic surgery is usually used because: 1. 20% of patients have a contralateral hernia, and laparoscopic surgery allows direct visualization of the contralateral hernia or not; 2. For inguinal hernia in girls it is simpler and can be performed directly with a small incisional hernia sac high ligation. Adult inguinal hernia: Patch repair is required to reduce the recurrence rate and to alleviate postoperative pain. A preperitoneal repair under local anesthesia should be preferred for primary hernias, and a lumpectomy approach can be considered for smaller primary hernias that do not enter the scrotum. For patients with recurrent hernias: the repair method should be determined based on the previous surgical approach. If the previous surgical approach was an anterior peritoneal repair, an open surgical approach to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal is used. If the previous surgical approach was a strengthening of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, either a lumpectomized preperitoneal repair or an open repair procedure is performed.