A. Knowledge of fundus disease (a) What is fundus disease? The commonly referred to fundus, including the retina, choroid and optic nerve papillae, any part of the lesion, resulting in mosquitoes and flashes, central vision loss, visual distortion, dark shadows in front of the eyes or visual field defects, etc., can be called fundus disease, fundus disease can occur in different ages. (B) what does fundus disease include? 1, age-related macular degeneration: common macular lesions caused by aging, is the main cause of blindness in people over 60 years old. 2, diabetic retinopathy: diabetic-induced fundus hemorrhage, is a major blinding eye disease, its prevalence is 51, 3%, should be early diagnosis and early treatment. 3, hypertensive disease retinopathy: is a common cardiovascular system complications. About 70% of hypertensive patients have fundus changes, the older the disease duration, the higher the positive rate, the higher the blood pressure, the more serious the disease, the more significant the increase in diastolic blood pressure. 4, retinal vein obstruction: caused by high blood viscosity, vascular sclerosis, most common in the elderly, more than 90% of patients are over 50 years old. 5.High myopia macular degeneration: macular hemorrhage, neovascularization and even scar formation caused by high myopia, which is the main cause of blindness in young and middle-aged people. 6, central plasmacytoid chorioretinopathy: mostly seen in young and middle-aged men, often with monocular onset, with a tendency to self-heal and recurrence. The cause is unknown, and the onset of the disease is often accompanied by stressful situations, such as mental stress and overexertion. 7. Retinal degeneration: Patients develop night blindness, color vision impairment, visual field narrowing, central vision loss, and even blindness, mostly with a family history of inheritance. 8, retinal fissure, detachment: mostly caused by myopia, trauma and other reasons, the impact on vision varies depending on the location and scope of the lesion. 9.Hemangioma: It can occur in the retina or choroid, and may have a family history of inheritance. 10, optic nerve atrophy: caused by a variety of causes, commonly glaucoma, ischemia, inflammation, compression, trauma and demyelinating disease. 11, retinopathy of prematurity: It is a proliferative retinopathy in immature or low birth weight infants with less than 34 weeks of gestation, birth weight less than 1500g, and a history of postnatal oxygenation, with an incidence of about 60% or more. (C) How to treat fundus disease For the treatment of fundus disease, it should be carried out as early as possible because the longer the course of the disease, the more traumatic it is and the worse the prognosis. 1, etiological treatment: timely examination after birth for premature infants under 37 weeks, weekly examination for those at high risk, active treatment of primary disease, control of blood glucose and blood pressure, improvement of blood lipids and blood viscosity for fundus disease secondary to medical disease; 2, pharmacological treatment: improve fundus microcirculation, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis; 3, laser treatment: use different mechanisms of laser action, such as laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT), Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can close the leakage, improve retinal edema, close the neovascularization, and make the tumor shrink; 4.Surgical treatment: for serious bleeding, serious proliferation, and larger tumors, surgery should be used.