Vaginitis is the most common gynecological disease with a high incidence and the battle with vaginitis is a constant war. Here we learn about those A, B, C, T and V caused by different pathogenic causes. 1. AV (aerobic vaginitis) Aerobic vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina caused by a decrease in Lactobacillus vaginalis and an infection with aerobic bacteria. Common pathogens are streptococci, staphylococci, and Escherichia coli. Vaginal pH is often >5.0. Common aerobic bacteria causing vaginitis infection: Figure 1: Staphylococcus, Figure 2: Streptococcus, Figure 3: Escherichia coli Main symptoms: Increased vaginal discharge, thin and purulent, yellow or green, with foam, odor, no fishy smell. There is painful intercourse, intermittent vulvar itching and burning sensation. Treatment: (1) drugs against aerobic bacteria, kanamycin, clindamycin, etc.; (2) combined probiotic therapy, such as exogenous Lactobacillus, which can reduce recurrence. 2, BV (bacterial vaginosis) BV is a clinical syndrome of multiple flora alterations due to replacement of normal hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli in the vagina by high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (e.g. Prevotella, Actinomyces), Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp. and many difficult or unculturable anaerobes. Vaginal pH > 4.5. Bacteria commonly causing bacterial vaginosis infections: Figure 1: Prevotella, Figure 2: Ureaplasma spp. and Figure 3: Mycoplasma spp. Main symptoms: Increased vaginal discharge, homogeneous and thin with foul odor, no obvious congestive inflammatory reaction of the vulvovaginal mucosa. Treatment: Treatment is recommended for all symptomatic women and is not recommended for the routine treatment of sexual partners. Treatment can be either topical or oral with drugs such as metronidazole, clindamycin and tinidazole. Oral regimen: (1) 7-day regimen: metronidazole 500 mg twice daily or clindamycin 300 mg twice daily; (2) 5-day regimen: tinidazole 1 g once daily; (3) 2-day regimen: tinidazole 2 g once daily for 2 d. Topical regimen: metronidazole gel or clindamycin cream applied vaginally once daily for 5-7 d. Patients are advised to avoid during treatment Patients are advised to avoid sexual intercourse or insist on proper condom use during treatment. Vaginal douching can increase the risk of recurrence of BV and there is no information to support the use of vaginal douching for the treatment or relief of BV symptoms.