The surface of the cervix is covered with two types of epithelium: squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium. Usually the squamous epithelium covers the vaginal part of the cervix (visible on gynecological examination) and the columnar epithelium covers the cervical canal (not visible to the naked eye). The junction between the two types of epithelium moves in response to the vaginal environment, hormones, inflammation, and several other factors, and is therefore called the migratory zone (SCJ). The shape, size, and location of the migratory zone vary from person to person. Cervical lesions usually occur in the migratory zone because the cells at the SCJ are easily disturbed and more active. When the vaginal part of the cervix (the part of the cervix seen during a gynecological examination) is covered with squamous epithelium, the cervix we see is pink and smooth. If it is replaced by other components, the bright red, non-smooth tissue seen during gynecological examination is habitually diagnosed as “celiac disease” (in fact, it should be called “cervical erosion-like changes”). However, it is not possible to distinguish what kind of tissue these components are with the naked eye of the doctor, and it is necessary to identify them through ancillary tests such as cervical smear, TCT, HPV, colposcopy (biopsy if necessary), etc. to rule out malignant lesions of the cervix. If the examination (e.g. colposcopy) reveals that the “erosion surface” of the cervix is covered by normal columnar epithelium, then we call this columnar epithelial ectoplasia, which cannot be called “erosion”. If you don’t have symptoms, you don’t need special treatment, but if you have symptoms, you can consider medication. If you do not have fertility requirements, but have a large area of extracellular epithelial migration and severe symptoms, you can consider physical therapy, such as laser, after excluding cervical lesions. If biopsy reveals abnormal cells or precancerous lesions on the surface of the cervix, surgical treatment is required. The exact choice of surgery will need to be specific to individual differences in condition, age and fertility needs. Regular follow-up cytology, HPV, etc. should be done after surgery. Women who have normal sex life should have annual gynecological checkups, including cervical cancer smear. to try to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.