Causes and Treatment of Fetal Arrest

Fetal termination refers to the cessation of embryonic development in early pregnancy due to certain reasons. ultrasound examination shows that the buds or fetus in the gestational sac are not well formed, no fetal heartbeat, or the gestational sac is withered. Usually, there are no obvious clinical symptoms of embryonic arrest, which is mainly manifested by a small amount of vaginal bleeding and the disappearance of early pregnancy reaction symptoms. The medical definition of loss that occurs with 2 or more consecutive clinical pregnancies is recurrent miscarriage. Recurrent miscarriages in which there has never been a live birth are called primary recurrent miscarriages. Recurrent miscarriages in which there have been normal deliveries are called secondary recurrent miscarriages. The etiology of fetal abruption is complex, and the main causes include genetic factors (chromosomal abnormalities in the aborting couple or chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo), anatomical abnormalities of the reproductive tract, endocrine abnormalities, infections of the reproductive tract, prethrombotic states, immunologic factors, and unexplained causes. Other factors include male factors and environmental factors. 1, genetic factors, including chromosomal abnormalities and genetic diseases, both parents chromosomal abnormalities, the most common abnormality for chromosome balance translocation. The main types of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos are autosomal aneuploidy and structural aberrations. 2. Anatomical abnormalities of the reproductive tract, the most common of which are uterine longitudinal septum, cervical endocervical laxity, uterine adhesions, uterine fibroids, endometriosis and adenomyosis. 3.Endocrine factors, the most common are luteal insufficiency (LPD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and thyroid dysfunction. 4, infection factors, common infection pathogens are chlamydia, mycoplasma, toxoplasma gondii (TOX), cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and so on. 5, immune factors, the embryo and fetus and the mother there is a complex and special immunological relationship, this relationship so that the embryo and fetus is not rejected. If the immunity between the mother and the fetus is not adapted, it can cause the rejection of the fetus by the mother and prevent the development of the embryo, i.e. “immune rejection”. Such as maternal closed antibody insufficiency during pregnancy, pregnant women with excessive production of antiphospholipid antibodies, the presence of anti-sperm antibodies and so on. 6, environmental factors and other environmental factors that cause miscarriage are many and varied, including X-rays, microwaves, noise, ultrasound, high temperature and other physical factors, as well as heavy metals such as aluminum, lead, mercury, zinc affects the fertilization of the egg or direct damage to the embryo and lead to miscarriage. Various chemical drugs cause miscarriage, stillbirth, malformation, developmental delay and dysfunction. As well as bad habits such as smoking, alcoholism, coffee, drugs, certain drugs, etc. all affect the early embryonic development. Fetal termination has brought pain and trouble to many families who are preparing for pregnancy, so women who have a history of fetal termination need to do a comprehensive examination when preparing for pregnancy as much as possible, although the current level of medical science is not enough to find out all the causes of the disease, but if you find out the cause of the cause of the disease can be directed to the cause of the treatment, including: 1, a comprehensive understanding of the individual’s medical history, family history of hypertension, diabetes, history of hereditary diseases, the past pregnancy and childbirth history, personal height, weight, blood type, etc.. etc. 2. Peripheral blood and chorionic chromosome examination of the couple’s miscarried embryo to exclude genetic factors. 3. Ultrasound, hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy to rule out anatomical abnormalities of the female reproductive organs, such as uterine malformations (longitudinal uterus, unicornuate uterus, saddle uterus, bicornuate uterus), uterine adhesions, uterine fibroids and so on. 4, the examination of infection factors, such as mycoplasma, chlamydia and TORCH including toxoplasmosis, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B virus, HIV virus, syphilis spirochetes and so on. 5.Endocrine examination, measurement of reproductive endocrine hormones, to exclude polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), luteal insufficiency (LPD), hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) endocrine diseases. 6.Thyroid function, thyroid five, thyroid autoantibodies, to exclude abnormal thyroid function. 7, germ cell-related antibodies: anti-sperm antibodies, anti-ovarian antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, anti-HCG antibodies, anti-oocyte zona pellucida antibodies, anti-trophoblast cell membrane antibodies. 8, autoantibody detection, mainly including anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), lupus factor (LAC), anti-deoxyribonucleoprotein antibody (RNPAb), anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody (DsDNA), anti-beta2-glycoprotein-1 antibody (anti-beta2-GP-1Ab), anti-thyroid antibody (ATA), ABO blood group antibody and Rh blood group Anti Thyroid Antibodies (ATA), ABO blood group antibodies and Rh blood group antibodies. Among them, ACA should be examined at least 3 times, each time at an interval of 6 weeks, and the diagnosis can only be confirmed if the result is positive 2 or more times. 9, closed antibody test (APLA): most of the single mixed lymphocyte culture and complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test. Negative containment antibody indicates that the woman’s serum lacks this containment antibody, which makes her prone to miscarriage. 10.Pre-thrombotic state related factors examination Pre-thrombotic state can be divided into hereditary and acquired. Commonly used tests include: 4 items of coagulation: including TT, APTT, PT and Fbg, molecular markers of pre-thrombotic state, etc. 11. Husband semen examination to exclude male factor.