Parents often ask: My baby was screened at the Maternal and Child Health Center and found to have low vision or astigmatism, how can I treat it? First of all, we should understand what “screening” is. Screening, in medical terms, is a method or instrument used to identify unrecognized diseases in a certain population with no signs or symptoms in individuals who appear to be normal. Therefore, screening should have a high sensitivity, that is, do not miss abnormalities as much as possible, but high sensitivity may have the problem of low specificity or false positives, that is, abnormal misrepresentation as abnormal. The purpose of screening is to early detection of diseases that may exist but do not have any signs or related factors that may suffer from a certain disease, and then to achieve early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment through certain medical tests and means. In other words, the purpose of screening is to detect the “possibility” of a disease or the risk of a disease, but not to diagnose, much less to confirm. The screening test is not a diagnosis, nor is it a diagnosis. After the screening test finds an abnormality, a medical examination is required to diagnose “whether” a disease is present, and the results of the screening test cannot be used as a basis for treatment. Currently, the vision screening for infants and children in China is actually a screening for refractive errors. Refractive errors include farsightedness, myopia and astigmatism. Since abnormally high refractive error or unequal refractive error in both eyes (refractive error) in infancy is a risk factor for amblyopia and strabismus, screening may detect these factors and confirm the diagnosis through examination at a regular hospital for early correction with a view to preventing or treating amblyopia and strabismus. At the same time, vision screening is not a substitute for vision care for children. Vision care for children is a systematic examination of children in a medical institution by someone with expertise in optometry, including eye health examination (external eye, anterior segment and fundus), eye refraction, eye position and eye movement. Vision screening, on the other hand, is simply the identification of possible abnormalities in refraction. In conclusion, vision screening can identify possible factors for the development of abnormal refractive errors, amblyopia and strabismus at an early stage, but it cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment.