A. What is hemorrhoids Anorectal hemorrhoid fistula, commonly known as hemorrhoids, is a unique human common disease, multi-morbidity. According to the census data, the incidence of anorectal diseases is 59.1%, and hemorrhoids account for 87.25% of all anorectal diseases, of which internal hemorrhoids are the most common, accounting for 52.19% of all anorectal diseases. The incidence of hemorrhoids is 67% for women and 53.9% for men, with the incidence being higher for women; they can develop at any age, and are more common in people aged 20-40, and can get progressively worse with age, so there are “nine hemorrhoids in ten people”. The reason why hemorrhoids are formed is quite a lot, the body is in a fixed position for a long time due to sedentary, standing and straining, which affects the blood circulation and makes the pelvic blood flow slow and the abdominal organs congested, causing the hemorrhoid veins to overfill, varicose and bulge, and the tension of the vein walls to drop and cause hemorrhoids is one of the important reasons for the onset. If there is insufficient exercise, bowel movement slows down. The slow down of feces or habitual constipation, which compresses the veins and causes local congestion and impaired blood return, leads to increased pressure in the hemorrhoidal veins and reduced resistance of the vein walls, which can also lead to an increased incidence of hemorrhoids. According to clinical observation and statistical analysis of census results, the prevalence of hemorrhoids in patients of different occupations differs significantly, and the prevalence of hemorrhoids in cadres of institutions, car drivers, salesmen, and teachers is significantly higher clinically. The nucleus of the hemorrhoid is located inside the mucous membrane of the anus called “internal hemorrhoid”, located near the inner side of the anal opening called “external hemorrhoid”, both of which are called “mixed hemorrhoid”. The symptoms of hemorrhoids are pain in the affected area, blood in the stool, and in severe cases, the hemorrhoid will protrude out of the anus (prolapse) and retract only after defecation. The symptoms of internal hemorrhoids: mainly bleeding and prolapse, can be combined with thrombosis, impaction, defecation difficulties. External hemorrhoids, local soft tissue masses in the anus, anal discomfort, moist itching, foreign body sensation, and pain. Anal fistula: anal pain, pus flow, moist itching, and recurrent infection episodes. Anal fissure: the three main characteristics of pain, bleeding and constipation are the main manifestations. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot of money for your own personal use. 2, internal hemorrhoids prolapse easy to cause necrosis, necrosis extended to the rectal wall, can cause serious sepsis. 3.Anal local infection: if improperly treated, it can easily cause the infection to spread and cause submucosal, perianal or colorectal fossa abscess, portal vein bacteremia or even sepsis, and also form liver abscess. The treatment of hemorrhoids 1, general treatment: adjust the diet structure, eat more vegetables and fruits and multi-fiber food. 2.Non-surgical treatment: including injection, anal dilation, ligature and drug treatment. 3, surgical treatment: including external and internal ligation and anastomosis hemorrhoidectomy (PPH). Six, how to prevent hemorrhoid attacks 1, strengthen exercise: often participate in a variety of physical activities such as radio gymnastics, taijiquan, qigong, etc., can enhance the body’s ability to resist disease, reduce the possibility of disease, for hemorrhoids also have a certain preventive effect. This is because physical exercise is good for blood circulation and can harmonize the body’s qi and blood, promote gastrointestinal motility, improve pelvic congestion, prevent constipation and prevent hemorrhoids. On the other hand, you can use self-massage to improve the local blood circulation in the anus. There are two methods: one is to use your hand to massage the long strong point at the tip of the tailbone for about 5 minutes each time before going to bed, which can unblock the meridians and improve anal blood circulation; the other method is to use your mind to consciously contract the anus upward once in the morning and 30 times in the evening, which is a kind of internal massage method that can transport blood stasis, exercise the anal sphincter and raise the Chinese qi. Regular use, can improve hemorrhoid venous reflux, for the prevention of hemorrhoids and self-treatment have a certain role. 2, prevention of constipation: normal people defecate once a day, defecation time has a different habit of morning, noon and after dinner. Normal discharge is formed soft stool, not dry or thin, defecation does not feel difficult to defecate, there is a relaxed and comfortable feeling after the stool, which indicates good gastrointestinal function. If the stool is constipated and hard, not only is it difficult to defecate, but because of the accumulation of feces in the intestinal cavity, the pressure in the anorectal vessels is increased, and the blood flow back is impaired and the hemorrhoidal plexus is varicose to form hemorrhoids. To prevent constipation, the following points should be noted: (1) reasonable deployment of diet can increase appetite, correct constipation to improve gastrointestinal function, but also to develop the habit of regular bowel movements. Daily diet can be more vegetables, fruits, beans and other diets containing more vitamins and fiber, less spicy and stimulating food, such as chili, mustard, ginger, etc. (2) to develop the habit of regular bowel movements Healthy people usually do not have feces in the rectum, with the morning wake up caused by the upright reflex, breakfast caused by the stomach, colon reflex, the colon can produce a strong “group peristalsis”, the feces will be pushed into the rectum, the rectum fecal accumulation to a certain amount, it will produce a bowel movement. It is best to get into the habit of having a regular bowel movement every morning, which has a very important role in preventing the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Some people believe that drinking a glass of cold water in the morning can stimulate gastrointestinal movement and prevent constipation. In addition, the morning to participate in a variety of physical activities, such as running, doing exercises, playing Taijiquan, etc. can prevent constipation. When you have the intention of stool, do not hold back from going to the stool, because a long time to hold back the stool can cause habitual constipation. When defecating squatting too long, or reading newspapers, or excessive force, these are bad defecation habits, should be corrected. (3) Choose the correct treatment of constipation For general constipation patients, you can use the reasonable deployment of diet, to develop the habit of regular bowel movements to correct. For stubborn constipation or constipation caused by a disease, should go to the hospital as soon as possible, do not take long-term laxatives or long-term enemas. Long-term use of laxatives can not only make the rectal blood vessels congested and dilated, but also can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction. Long-term enema, will make the rectal mucosa sensory dull, defecation reflex is blunt, aggravate constipation, but in favor of the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Therefore, if suffering from persistent constipation must be properly treated under the guidance of an experienced specialist. 3, pay attention to pregnancy health care: women after pregnancy can lead to increased abdominal pressure, especially in late pregnancy, the inferior vena cava by the growing uterine pressure, directly affecting the reflux of hemorrhoidal veins. It is easy to induce hemorrhoids, and this is especially obvious when the fetal position is not correct. Therefore, you should go to the hospital regularly during pregnancy to review and correct the fetal malposition in time, which is not only beneficial for pregnancy care, but also for the prevention of hemorrhoids and other anal diseases. In addition, pregnant women generally have relatively less activity, which causes gastrointestinal function to weaken, feces to stay in the intestinal cavity, and the water in the feces to be reabsorbed, causing dry stools and triggering hemorrhoids. Therefore, you should increase your activities during pregnancy. Avoid standing and sitting for a long time, and pay attention to keeping the bowels open, and fumigate the anal area with warm water after each bowel movement to improve local blood circulation in the anus, which is very beneficial for the prevention of hemorrhoids. 4, keep the area around the anus clean: the anus, rectum, sigmoid colon is the place to store and excrete feces, feces contains many bacteria, the area around the anus is easily contaminated by these bacteria, inducing infection of sweat glands and sebaceous glands around the anus, and sores and abscesses. In women, the vagina is adjacent to the anus, and vaginal secretions are more frequent, which can stimulate the anal skin and induce hemorrhoids. Therefore, you should always keep the area around your anus clean, fumigate it with warm water daily, and change your underwear regularly to prevent hemorrhoids. 5, other: increased abdominal pressure, can make hemorrhoid venous reflux obstruction, causing hemorrhoids. There are many clinical diseases that cause increased abdominal pressure, such as abdominal tumors compressing the blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, which can block the reflux of the hemorrhoid veins and cause hemorrhoids. The portal hypertension caused by hepatic sclerosis can lead to anorectal vasodilatation and cause hemorrhoids, which should be treated first. It is not urgent to treat hemorrhoids, because hemorrhoid symptoms can be improved after hepatic steatosis is relieved.