1.Which diseases are treated by vitreous cavity injection (intraocular injection): A: In a series of macular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, mainly due to the growth of neovascularization in the eye (choroid and retina) for various reasons, and the neovascularization is brittle and easily bleeds, leaks, and edema, which eventually leads to scar formation and causes blindness. Anti-neovascularization drugs are to stop the growth of neovascularization, reduce exudation, and reduce edema, thus stabilizing or improving visual acuity. (1) macular edema caused by various reasons (including diabetic macular edema, macular edema caused by various diseases such as post-cataract surgery or post-uveitis;) (2) choroidal neovascular membrane formation caused by various reasons (including age-related macular degeneration, highly myopic macular degeneration, mid-bleed, etc.); (3) retinal neovascularization (such as diabetic retinopathy, venous obstruction, retinal perivasculitis, Coats’ disease, choroidal osteoma, choroidal hemangioma, etc.); (4) retinal vein obstruction; (5) neovascular glaucoma and other diseases. 2.What is ralizumab (Lucentis)? Lucentis was launched in the United States in 2006 and was named one of the top ten health news in the United States. It is a VEGF fragment antibody that inhibits multiple VEGF isoforms, and many clinical trials have demonstrated its exciting therapeutic effect in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. The drug was launched for clinical use in China in 2012. The disadvantage is that it is relatively expensive, with a national uniform price of RMB 9,800 per unit. The general number of treatment is at least 5-6 times, and it is recommended abroad to inject once a month, about 12 times a year, which requires repeated injections, which is a big fault of this type of drug. 3.What are the side effects and complications of intraocular injection? A: At present, there is really no particularly good treatment for intraocular neovascularization disorders, and the above-mentioned anti-angiogenic drugs are the best treatment available. However, any treatment has its limitations. The biggest risk of intraocular injections is the complications associated with the injection, such as: intraocular infection, hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. In addition, complications such as retinal pigment epithelial tears have also been reported. One of the most important complications is intraocular infection, which can have unimaginable consequences with the possibility of blindness. The incidence of infection has been reported from abroad to be about 0.1%. The side effects of the drug itself are not significant. It is generally not recommended to inject anti-angiogenic drugs in pregnant women. 4.Preparation for injection and how to inject? A: Antibiotic eye drops should be administered 3 days before the proposed injection. If eye drops cannot be administered 3 days in advance, eye drops should be ordered intensively, such as once an hour, and only then can the injection be given. It is best to be accompanied on the day of injection, and it is generally not recommended to inject both eyes at the same time. On the day of surgery, after registration, payment and signature, you will enter the operating room. In the operating room, the eye is first disinfected, surface anesthetic is ordered, and the drug is injected into the eye at 3.5mm from the corneal edge. 5.Post-operative requirements: A: You can open the gauze on the night of surgery, order 3-4 times of antibiotic eye drops before going to bed, and do not wash your face that night. Starting from the first day after surgery, order eye drops for at least 3 consecutive days, at least 4 times a day. Usually you can resume your normal life or work on the second day after surgery. However, if there is obvious eye pain, obvious blurred vision, red and congested eyes, etc., you should contact your doctor immediately, or visit the ophthalmology department of your local hospital, mainly to understand whether there is any occurrence of infection, never delay!!! 6.How many times do I need to inject in general? A: There is no fixed number of times. Generally, the number of CNV treatment for “mid-bleed” and pathological myopia will be less, but generally 1-3 times. For macular degeneration, venous obstruction and diabetic retinopathy, macular edema usually requires multiple treatments. It is mainly based on fundus, OCT and fundus imaging. The more injections, the greater the risk, which is the drawback of this treatment. There are studies on extended-release devices, but they are far from clinical use. 7.What is the relationship between intraocular injection of anti-angiogenic drugs and photodynamic therapy (PDT)? A: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in China for more than 10 years to close the new blood vessels and stabilize vision. Another great benefit is that there are basically no side effects or complications, the downside is that it is more expensive, about 17,000 yuan to do once. After the emergence of intraocular injection of razumab, there have been large-scale clinical studies at home and abroad showing that it is better than photodynamic therapy (PDT) both in terms of visual acuity improvement and improvement of macular anatomy, so currently for CNV (choroidal neovascularization) caused by various reasons, the preferred treatment is intraocular injection of razumab. However, for patients with PCV (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy), photodynamic therapy is still essential. Whether it is PCV or CNV requires fundus angiography, especially choroidal angiography, to identify. 8, post-operative situation (1) immediately after the operation in front of the eyes flocculent floaters or small bubble-like floaters: may be the drug in the vitreous floating, do not be nervous; (2) home after surgery to look in the mirror, the eyes bleeding a lot, or even purple: this may be the injection of small blood vessel bleeding, this is not terrible, usually about 10 days to absorb. (3) the day of surgery to go back to the eye is very painful, the eye can not move, a lot of tears, foreign body feeling: may be the role of disinfectant, if indeed the pain is unbearable, then you need to come to the hospital to see; such as still tolerable, generally the next day can be relieved. 9.I have had several injections, and even combined with photodynamic therapy, how come my vision still hasn’t returned to normal, and there are deformation and darkening or improper color? A: Macula is the most important part of our eye vision, the division of our central vision, color vision and shape vision, so once the macula is diseased, it will affect the visual function very seriously. Sometimes, because the time is too long, the nerve tissue has irreversible damage, or although the lesion is well, no bleeding and edema, that is, we are medically cured, but the scar is left in the center of the macula, so the vision will definitely not be as good as if there was no disease, and there may be visual distortion, which is one of the disadvantages of macular disorders. Moreover, the cause of most macular lesions is not yet known, and the current treatment is still treating the symptoms, so there is a possibility of recurrence. Therefore, I hope that the patients can not be too idealistic, everyone’s condition is different, the current science can not reach the degree that can make everyone very satisfied, the condition can not deteriorate sharply, or there is a certain improvement, should be happy, life should maintain an optimistic state of mind. 10.Young macular degeneration (Stargardt’s disease) and retinitis pigmentosa cannot be treated with anti-angiogenic drugs? A: No, unless there is neovascular growth. These two diseases depend on the future gene therapy, or stem cell therapy, there is no special method. 11.How to treat dry macular degeneration? A: There is no special treatment method. Suggestions: eat more vegetables and fruits, quit smoking, maintain proper weight, control blood pressure and blood lipids; wear sunglasses when you go out in the sun; supplement lutein-like drugs, but this is a health care drug, available in pharmacies, need to be taken for a long time. 12, other reminders: like age-related macular degeneration and some other fundus disorders, the cause of the disease is still unclear, although some clear, such as highly myopic macular degeneration, but there is no way to eliminate. Therefore, it is not surprising that one treatment is often not enough to solve the problem, because the root of the disease is still there, so multiple treatments are needed, but it is better than no treatment at all. If the lesion is too long, if the damage to the retina is too great, or if there is scarring, or if the macula has undergone atrophic changes, it will be more difficult to restore vision. There are some hospitals or drugs that claim to be able to cure macular degeneration, so don’t believe them blindly.