The cause of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy has not been clearly studied so far, but it is definitely related to the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis, so it is named as thyroid-related ophthalmopathy. In some patients, when hyperthyroidism tends to improve during the treatment of hyperthyroidism, the eye symptoms suddenly worsen and the condition becomes dangerous, so thyroid-related eye disease is also called “malignant proptosis”. Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is more common in women, especially in young women. Clinical manifestations: Protrusion of one or both eyes, enlargement of the lid fissure, and a “gleaming” appearance. The eyelids are receding, especially in the upper eyelid, and the receding eyelid may be several millimeters above the upper edge of the cornea. When gazing downward, the upper lid drops slowly or not at all, which is called a positive late drop sign. The extraocular muscles are hypertrophic or fibrotic, and eye movements are impaired, with double vision. The eyelids are edematous, the conjunctiva is congested and edematous, and the periorbital soft tissues are swollen. Tear production is reduced and the eyes are dry. The eyelids cannot be closed, especially during sleep. Long-term corneal exposure can lead to secondary exposure keratitis and corneal ulcers, which can lead to blindness if left untreated. Increased orbital pressure and obstruction of venous return can lead to secondary open-angle glaucoma. Increased orbital pressure and compression of the optic nerve can lead to optic nerve atrophy, vision loss or even blindness. Patients should pay attention to the following issues: 1. Strictly quit smoking. Numerous studies have shown that smoking can significantly aggravate the eye disease. 2, abstain from eating spicy and stimulating foods, and drink less alcohol. These foods have a role in aggravating the disease. 3, sleep with a higher pillow. This can alleviate the orbital pressure increase caused by the obstruction of venous return and reduce eye symptoms. 4, the eyes should not be too tired, especially do not look at the computer screen for a long time. Some patients work overnight and their condition can suddenly worsen within a few days. 5. Wear sunglasses when going out in strong sunlight to reduce the irritation symptoms. 6. When the extraocular muscles are involved, it is best to cover one eye to relieve the symptoms. Because at this time the patient will have a headache and mobility problems caused by double vision. 7, if the cornea is exposed during sleep, eye ointment should be applied before bedtime. This will prevent the appearance of exposure keratitis. Treatment As the cause of the disease is unclear, the current treatment methods, although more, are based on symptomatic treatment and reduction of complications. The course of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is generally divided into two phases, the active phase and the resting phase. For patients in the active phase, treatment consists of oral hormones, such as prednisone. The dose may be slightly higher at first and gradually reduced after controlling the activity of the disease. Patients with severe disease may be treated with intravenous high-dose hormone shocks, which are changed to oral hormones after 3 days of shocks and gradually tapered. It should be noted that the use of hormones should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and the dosage and course of treatment should be strictly controlled. Patients should not increase or decrease the dosage or stop the medication on their own, otherwise serious complications may occur. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, gastric ulcer and other diseases are contraindicated to use hormones, and can be treated with low-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy methods, which can also achieve more satisfactory results. Patients with serious complications such as exposure keratitis and optic nerve atrophy, or patients in the stationary phase with significantly impaired appearance, may be considered for surgical treatment. Surgical methods include: 1, excision of the orbital bone wall for decompression and excision of orbital fat for decompression, which can result in significant retraction of the eye and relief of orbital pressure. 2. Patients with oversized lid fissures and significant upper lid regression may be treated with an upper eyelid muscle lengthening procedure to improve appearance. 3. In patients with severe symptoms of double vision, strabismus correction surgery is feasible after the condition has been stabilized for six months.