The shape and structure of the nipple areola is an important part of maintaining the beauty of female breast form, as well as an important factor in maintaining female sexual characteristics and female sexual psychology. Women with imperfect nipple areola shape and structure due to congenital factors or acquired reasons can cause a lot of psychological stress, especially in young women with nipple areola deformities and defects, often causing them to lose normal psychosexual development, thus affecting love and marriage. What is the perfect nipple areola shape? The normal nipple is located in the center of the breast. In adult women, the nipple is located at the intersection of the first or first rib and the vertical line of the ipsilateral clavicle, with a normal nipple diameter of 6 to 8 mm and a normal height of 4 to 6 mm, projecting outward. The areola surrounds the nipple and is rounded and occasionally oval in shape. The areola is generally brown in color and varies with physiological changes. The pigmentation deepens during pregnancy and increases in diameter, which ranges from 3 to 5 cm. How do nipple areola deformities arise? The following are some common nipple areola deformities Nipple invagination: refers to the nipple does not protrude from the areola, but is sunken below the skin surface of the breast, local crater-like, a common deformity, bilateral, with a genetic tendency, often caused by breast cancer and breast nipple infection, trauma or surgical scar pulling. Nipple areola deficiency: Nipple areola deficiency or incomplete, mostly due to breast cancer or other breast diseases for surgical excision, a few are congenital dysplasia, such as masculinization of female breast, breast development is infantile type, etc. Oversized and drooping nipples: nipples larger than the above criteria and with drooping, mostly seen in breastfeeding, if they appear in men is called male nipple feminization. The areola is too large and too small: the areola is too large mostly in pregnancy or breastfeeding, and there is often breast enlargement and sagging, and in men it is mostly gynecomastia. Correction of large and small areola The areola is larger than 5 cm in diameter and smaller than 3 cm is called small areola or small areola. There are surgical and non-surgical methods to enlarge the areola Non-surgical treatment is to deepen the local skin color with the tattoo method. Surgical method: Take the dark colored skin of the labia majora or sacrococcygeal area or the opposite areola and free graft it around the nipple. Teenage girls, unless they have infantile breast development, usually do not do areola enlargement, because the areola will naturally increase in size and deepen in color after pregnancy and breastfeeding. Reduction of the areola can be done by simply removing part of the areola skin, that is, removing the areola skin beyond a radius of 3 to 5 cm with the nipple as the center, and then pulling it together and suturing it. There are two surgical methods for correction of oversized and sagging nipples: hemisided nipple excision: the nipple is cut longitudinally from the center, half of the nipple is removed in two, and the other half is folded and sutured. Nipple areola reconstruction Nipple areola transplantation method: For breast cancer patients who underwent simple mastectomy and the cancer is far from the nipple, the nipple can be cut off and transplanted to other parts of the body, and after the breast reconstruction is completed, the nipple is repositioned on the reconstructed breast. Partial healthy side nipple areola free transplantation: If the nipple is missing on one side of the areola and the nipple on the opposite side of the areola is large, part of the healthy side of the nipple areola can be cut and transplanted on the missing side. Scrotal skin method: The labia minora and its basal skin, as well as the male scrotal skin are darker and can be free grafted to reconstruct the nipple areola. Correction of nipple invagination Non-surgical treatment: For nipple invagination without obvious disease causes, conservative treatment can be done first by using a breast pump to perform negative pressure suction on the nipple area or by hand-pulling. For breast cancer and other causes of disease, the cause of the disease should be treated. Surgical treatment: For nipple invagination caused by dysplasia and invalidated by conservative treatment, orthodontic devices can be worn for about 3-6 months to make the nipples protrude, depending on the degree of internal lines. If a full and firm breast lacks nipple areola or is accompanied by deformities, it will have the feeling of lacking the finishing touch. A simple nipple areola surgery will make the female breast more perfect and sensual.