Many of our friends here may have gone to the dental department of the general hospital or dental clinic to see the teeth because of dental disease, but not necessarily to the dental specialist hospital to see the teeth, to the dental department or dental clinic to see the teeth is relatively simple, no matter what dental disease you have, the doctor may have managed. But to the dental hospital, the situation is very different, the dental hospital is divided into more than 10 clinical departments, the division of labor is very fine. Most of our friends only know dental disease to go to the dental hospital to see the teeth, but to the dental hospital, I did not expect that there are so many departments, but also do not know what these departments are doing, do not know which department they should be registered, it is a little confused, do not know what to do. As you know, Peking University Dental Hospital is a good dental care, people go there by name, the hospital receives an average of 2500 outpatients every day, which is the largest number of dental outpatients in the world, even so, the doctor still can not see over, the dental hospital registration is difficult to be known. Therefore, many of our patients go to the queue at 4 or 5 o’clock in the morning to register, and some of them even go to the queue at midnight on the first night, and wait for a long time, but when they are about to register, they don’t expect that the queue is not right, so they have no choice but to queue again, and when it is their turn to register again, the number may have already been registered, so they must be very frustrated or very annoyed at this time. Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to talk to you about how the stomatology hospital is divided into departments, what these departments do respectively, and which department we should register for if we have a dental disease. About 20 years ago, the division of the stomatology hospital could be roughly divided into four major departments, oral medicine, oral surgery, restorative dentistry and orthodontics, and the four major tasks of dental disease: tooth extraction, filling, veneering and orthodontics, tooth extraction to oral surgery, filling to oral medicine, veneering to restorative dentistry, and children’s uneven teeth to orthodontics. This method of division is relatively simple and easy for patients to remember. I remember when a friend called my home and asked how to register at the dental hospital, I was not at home, but my 4 or 5 year old child could answer clearly for me. But in the past 20 years, the dental hospital has added many more departments, and some departments have been divided into more details. Because, the more detailed the division of the department, the more specialized the doctor is, the more skilled he/she is in this line of work all day long, and the quality of medical care can be improved. However, for us ordinary patients, to figure out these subspecialties will take some effort. Let’s start with the simple ones, missing teeth, to set teeth, please go to the Department of Prosthodontics. If you need to extract a tooth, go to oral surgery, and if a child needs orthodontics, go to orthodontics. This seems to be not much different from before. But in the Department of Stomatology, there is also a division of endodontics, periodontics, pediatric dentistry, oral mucosal disease, and so on. Roughly speaking, if you have cavities in your teeth, if you have hot or cold pain, or if you have a spontaneous toothache and need a filling, please call the endodontics department. If the tooth is loose, the gum is abscessed, or the tooth needs to be scaled, we call it periodontal scaling, please call periodontology. If a child has caries and needs a filling, there is a special pediatric dentistry. If you have ulcers, erosion, inflammation, white spots, or flat mosses on the oral mucosa, please call the oral mucosa department. Many of you have heard of “dental implants”, which are called oral implants. The titanium nail is made into a very precise nail, and the nail is driven into the alveolar bone, which is biocompatible with our human bone and can be combined with each other. What kind of cases are suitable for implants? For example, if an old comrade has no teeth in the lower jaw and the alveolar bone has shrunk, it is not easy to set full or half dentures and it is easy to pry them, so it is not convenient to talk and eat, but if a few nails are planted, it will work as a pile and the retention will be much better. Another example is a young comrade accidentally knocked out the front teeth of the upper jaw, which affects the aesthetics, if the set of movable dentures, next to the metal wire made of rings to fix the dentures, which will affect the aesthetics. If you plant the nail, and then set on the porcelain teeth, there is no such problem, and the color of the dentures is very realistic. Another example is a middle-aged comrade behind the molar missing a, if the conventional set of fixed dentures, first to the good teeth next to the grinding away part of the tooth, and then a metal set on the outside of the tooth, the missing part of the dentures together. If you have dental implants, you can put metal pins on them and then put dentures directly on them, so you don’t have to wear the good teeth next to them. Dental implants have many advantages and are called the “third set of teeth” for human beings. The first set of teeth are the milk teeth and the second set of teeth are the permanent teeth. After the loss of these two sets of teeth, there can be a third set of teeth, that is, dental implants, which is artificial. However, dental implants require a small surgery and a certain condition of the alveolar bone, and most of the implants are imported and expensive. Therefore, it is important to discuss with your doctor before having dental implants. If you want to have dental implants, you can register with a specialized dental implant clinic. When it comes to dental implants, we all know that there are two types of implants, one is the movable dentures and the other is the fixed ones. The advantage of movable dentures is that they can be taken down and cleaned, which is more hygienic. In general, there is no need to grind the teeth next to each other. However, it is more troublesome to take them off and on. The advantage of fixed dentures is that you don’t have to go back and forth to take them off and on, which is more convenient. The disadvantage is that it is often necessary to grind the teeth next to each other. In addition to personal preference, some people are suitable for fixed dentures, but some are only suitable for removable dentures due to oral conditions. This can only be decided after consultation with the doctor. Perhaps many friends do not know that the dental hospital is not only to see the teeth, it is the scope of diagnosis and treatment of diseases including not only the entire oral cavity, but also the face, the upper and lower jaw, salivary glands, neck and other parts, not only to treat dental disease, but also the oral cavity, including the tongue, gums, cheek, palate, tumors, inflammation, trauma and deformities of the floor of the mouth, treatment of inflammation and tumors of the salivary glands. We treat diseases of the temporomandibular joint (or “hook” in common parlance). Repairing congenital deformities such as cleft lip and cleft palate. Some deformities of the jaws, such as “geodesic”, can be repaired through surgery, like building blocks, by sawing the bones apart and putting them back together. These diseases are seen in the oral and maxillofacial surgery, the dental hospital is not only an outpatient clinic, there are also inpatient wards, these surgeries are done in the wards. In recent years, we have cooperated with ophthalmology to treat dry eyes with submandibular gland transplantation, using saliva from the submandibular gland instead of tears, and we have achieved good results. There are several conceptual issues that we need to discuss with you in the course of dental consultation. The first issue is that we should try to keep the teeth that can be preserved. Some of our friends usually do not go for oral health checkups, so they can not achieve early detection and treatment of dental diseases. The cavity of tooth decay is very big, and the tooth pulp is inflamed, and it also spreads around the root tip, then the tooth will be very painful, as the saying goes: “toothache is not a disease, but it hurts like hell”. Because the pain is so severe, some friends think: “Hurry up and pull out the tooth, the pain is unbearable.” When the dental disease has developed to this extent, the treatment is relatively more complicated, and the number of dental visits should be more. Some friends think: “It’s too much trouble, I can’t afford to delay, so I’ll pull the tooth out and set it later.” In fact, the teeth are dentures after all, even if they are good, they are still fake. If you can cure the dental disease, it is best to keep your own teeth. Sometimes, even if you can’t keep the complete tooth, after treatment, retaining the root is also useful, you can install a cover denture on the root or make a stake in the root, and then set the teeth on it. Therefore, do not be afraid of trouble, try to retain their own teeth, so as to maintain chewing function and maintain oral health is very beneficial. Another situation is that some young friends, especially lesbians, love beauty, love of beauty, it is only natural. Their front teeth, perhaps because of tetracycline teeth, have some yellow color, and some are not very neatly aligned. Very few irresponsible doctors may propose that your front teeth are killed nerve, chopped off, leaving the root, and then do porcelain teeth, both neatly arranged, and white and beautiful. I am here to remind these friends, it is best not to do so. Your original tooth is a live tooth, after killing the nerve is a dead tooth, like a tree, live when there is water, tough, dead becomes a dead tree, very brittle, lack of toughness, may also be other problems. Tetracycline teeth can also be used resin veneers, porcelain veneers and other methods to solve, try not to kill the nerve, cut off the crown and then do the porcelain dental method to solve. Our principle is to keep live teeth as much as possible, and not to extract teeth as much as possible. The second problem is the extraction of the tooth to be firmly extracted. As we mentioned earlier, some people do not cherish their real teeth and easily pull them out or cut off the crowns. Therefore, we propose to keep the teeth that can be preserved as much as possible. Another situation is the opposite. In some cases, the tooth is so loose that it will fall out with a little effort, and it is often abscessed and inflamed. This kind of tooth will become a lesion, not only can it not be cured, can not play the role of chewing and will become a lesion, causing nephritis, arthritis and other systemic diseases. The doctor will advise you to remove the diseased tooth. However, some of our friends cherish their teeth and are reluctant to pull them out, so they must take them with them to Mount Babylon. The teeth that cannot be treated and should be extracted should be removed without hesitation for the benefit of health. The third issue is whether periodontal cleaning will damage the teeth, periodontal cleaning is commonly called “scaling”. The human teeth, although brushing every day, there will be saliva in the calcium salt deposited on the surface of the teeth to form calculus, this calculus can not only directly stimulate the gums, causing gingivitis, but also because the surface of the tartar is very rough, containing a lot of bacteria plaque will adhere to the surface of the calculus, causing inflammation of the gums and periodontal tissue. Therefore, in some developed countries, many people routinely go to the hospital for periodontal cleaning once every six months. Periodontal scaling uses special instruments to remove the calculus attached to the tooth surface, and then polishes the tooth surface so that plaque does not easily attach to the tooth surface. Not only does it clean the teeth, but it can also prevent or treat periodontitis. Of course, the premise is that the doctor’s operation should be accurate and regular. The fourth issue is whether it is necessary to treat children’s milk teeth that are diseased. Children’s baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth from the age of about 7 until the age of 12. Some friends think that children’s milk teeth will be replaced sooner or later, so there is no need to treat the disease. This concept is not correct either. One is because the replacement of permanent teeth requires a relatively long cycle, if the milk teeth are not cured, the milk teeth can not function, it will affect the child’s chewing function, and chewing function is very important for the normal development and health of children. Secondly, if the decayed milk teeth are not treated, it will affect the normal eruption of permanent teeth in the future. When only the roots of the baby teeth are left, the roots are not easily resorbed and the position that should be replaced by the permanent teeth cannot be vacated, so the permanent teeth cannot erupt or erupt in the wrong place next to each other. Therefore, the disease of the baby teeth should be treated by a doctor, just like the permanent teeth. The fifth question is whether wisdom teeth should be extracted or not. Under normal circumstances, there are 32 permanent teeth in our body, 28 of which have erupted before puberty, while the last tooth on the upper and lower left and right erupts only after adulthood, called wisdom teeth. During the long-term evolution of human beings, the development of jawbone is degraded due to the increasingly fine food, and due to the lack of length of the jawbone, the last erupted wisdom teeth may not have enough position to erupt in the normal position, so they may grow crookedly or not grow out, which doctors call “obstructed wisdom teeth”. The crown of an obstructed wisdom tooth is often partly exposed and partly wrapped by the gums, forming a blind pocket in which food can be deposited and bacteria can grow and multiply, thus easily causing pericoronitis, or pericoronitis, which is one of the most common causes of tooth swelling and pain in young people. Besides, the crooked wisdom tooth may also affect the second molar in front of it and cause the second molar caries. Therefore, the wisdom tooth is a big hidden problem that causes oral inflammation and tooth decay, so it is better to pull it out. Some friends are worried about whether the front teeth will fall down after the wisdom tooth is removed. Because wisdom tooth is the last tooth, the front teeth will not fall down after extraction, and there is no need to set teeth. However, if the wisdom tooth is in a positive position and can erupt normally, it does not need to be extracted.