Macular disease is a general term for a variety of diseases that commonly occur clinically in the macular region of the eye. It occurs mainly in the elderly population, but can also be seen in all ages. If it occurs in infants and adolescents, most of them are caused by congenital factors or genetic factors. The common clinical macular diseases include age-related macular degeneration, macular edema caused by diabetic retinopathy, macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion or branch retinal vein occlusion, central plagioretinopathy, highly myopic macular degeneration, macular fissure, macular anterior membrane, etc. Macular edema caused by diabetic retinopathy is mainly related to the condition of systemic blood glucose. The state of systemic hyperglycemia will cause systemic vascular lesions, mainly affecting the systemic microvasculature, and if the blood glucose is not well controlled, further development will cause lesions in the fundus of the eye, which will lead to macular edema. Age-related macular degeneration, the exact cause of the disease is not particularly clear, but research has found that it is mainly related to the imbalance of nutrient supply and demand in the fundus, metabolic disorders in the body, genetic and environmental factors. In summary, the causes of macular disease in the eye are mainly caused by diseases of the eye itself and secondary to systemic diseases.