The specific disease of coughing for a year and having a lot of sputum usually requires the improvement of the corresponding examination to make a clear diagnosis, focusing on the exclusion of chronic airway infectious diseases that cause patients to have symptoms of coughing and sputum, such as patients with bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have chronic cough and sputum as their main clinical symptoms, especially when they have respiratory tract infections, their cough and sputum will increase significantly. For such patients, chest X-ray and CT examinations, sputum culture and pulmonary function and bronchodilatation test can be performed if necessary to clarify the diagnosis. For patients with bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, if they usually have a little cough and sputum, but no obvious purulent sputum or other respiratory tract infections, no special treatment is needed at this time, and if necessary, expectorant medication or nebulization therapy can be given to help patients expel sputum. Patients with respiratory tract infections that trigger acute attacks need to be treated with anti-infective, expectorant and wheezing treatments. For patients with chronic cough and sputum, sputum culture, sputum TB smear and chest imaging must be completed to make a clear diagnosis.