Hysteroscopy is a new, minimally invasive gynecological treatment technique for the examination and treatment of the uterine cavity, a fiberoptic light source endoscopy, which is now widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological diseases. The factors of female infertility are complex, including age factor, mental factor, nutritional factor, immune factor, abnormal development of reproductive system, etc. Hysteroscopy is an important tool for diagnosing uterine etiology of infertility, and also has important therapeutic value. It has good diagnostic and therapeutic effects on infertility of uterine etiology caused by various reasons. 1, uterine fibroids: endoconvex fibroids can lead to uterine deformation, submucosal fibroids as foreign bodies interfere with the implantation of pregnant eggs, hysteroscopy determines the location of fibroids and plays a guiding role in determining the need for surgery and choosing the surgical method, while ultrasound examination can only diagnose the size and approximate positioning of fibroids before surgery, and HSG can only suggest filling defects in the uterine cavity or uterine cavity deformation. 2.Uterine adhesions: Except for TB, most of them are secondary to infertility and have a history of scraping in the past. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis in terms of showing uterine adhesions, and it can directly make diagnosis for uterine adhesions below degree II. For adhesions above degree III, hysteroscopy can only show the uterine cavity below the adhesions, and it can accurately determine the site and degree of adhesions by cooperating with ultrasound during surgery. For mild uterine adhesions, high pressure injection of uterine expansion fluid can break the membrane-like adhesions, and for moderate to severe adhesions, treatment can be achieved by scissors or electric cutting of the adhesions. 3, endometrial polyps: endometrial polyps often lead to inappropriate menstrual cycle, and bleeding before and after menstruation, because endometrial polyps have clear morphological changes, experienced physicians through the hysteroscopy can be basically clear endometrial polyps, even the 0.1 cm polyps at the opening of the fallopian tube, can be seen at a glance, ultrasound on larger polyps, can suggest strong echogenicity of the endometrium, but not a clear diagnosis, the diameter of 0.1 to 3.0 The polyps with diameters of 0.1 to 3.0 cm can be removed under direct vision during the examination, and the endometrial polyps detected by this department are in line with the pathological diagnosis up to 82%, and some scholars even believe that hysteroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of polyps. 4, uterine malformation: preoperative color ultrasound is affected by uterine cavity deformation or cavity line disorder, easy to confuse endometrial polyps, uterine adhesions and uterine septum, hysteroscopy combined with color ultrasound can basically diagnose the type of uterine malformation, hysteroscopy is especially suitable for checking the complete and incomplete type of uterine septum. Hysteroscopic electrodes can restore the shape of the uterine cavity and help to improve the poor outcome of pregnancy and miscarriage, so that such patients can avoid the pain of open abdomen for uterine malformation correction. 5. Fallopian tube opening lesions: Most of the fallopian tube opening lesions are membrane like adhesions that partially or completely cover the fallopian tube opening. In contrast to hysteroscopic tubal lavage, the lavage tube is inserted into the opening of the fallopian tube and several times or even tens of times the pressure is injected directly into the tubal lumen, thus separating partial adhesions and mild to moderate obstruction in the official lumen. Ultrasound and HSG are unable to suggest similar subtle intrauterine lesions. 6, endometrial hyperplasia: hysteroscopy shows limited or diffuse hyperplasia of the endometrium, sometimes in the form of multiple polyps, the surface is rich in blood vessels, abnormal distribution of endothelial vessels and limited hyperplasia of the endometrium reflect inflammatory changes of the endometrium and unbalanced hormonal stimulation of the endometrium, which is closely related to pregnancy outcome, and diagnostic scraping has some therapeutic significance. In conclusion, hysteroscopy is the only method that allows in vivo observation of the endometrium compared to ultrasound, HSG, and diagnostic scraping, and provides a comprehensive view of the endometrium before sampling and treatment, allows follow-up of endometrial hyperplasia, and accurately assesses the endometrial response to medication. Under the appropriate dilation pressure, complications are rare. Hysteroscopy is an indispensable method to exclude cervical canal and intrauterine factors in infertility patients, and it is also safe, effective, simple and minimally invasive as a treatment.