Cerebral white matter lesions are lesions of the myelin tissue in the white matter of the central nervous system of the brain, and belong to a neurological disorder that can cause sensory impairment, motor impairment, autonomic and cognitive dysfunction, etc. About half of these diseases can progress to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, etc. The lethality rate is quite high and is a relatively serious disease. Cerebral white matter lesions may be congenital myelin disorders caused by genetic factors or acquired myelin disorders caused by immune factors, infectious factors, toxic lesions, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. The clinical manifestations of cerebral white matter lesions are varied and are determined by the location and severity of the lesion. Most patients will first present with limb weakness and numbness, typically manifested as limb paralysis, visual impairment, nystagmus, and ocular muscle paralysis. Most cerebral white matter degeneration is irreversible and can have a great impact on the patient’s work and life. It is necessary to take timely and effective treatment measures to control the development of the disease and improve the adverse symptoms. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to a balanced diet and maintain an optimistic state of mind.