With the popularization of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy technology, the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy has become a routine method. It can quickly make a clear diagnosis of the pelvic factors of infertility and provide reasonable treatment at the same time, shortening the diagnosis and treatment time of infertility and achieving satisfactory results. Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are a method of direct examination of the genital organs of the pelvis, which allows visual assessment of the pelvic factors of infertility and treatment at the same time of diagnosis. With the introduction of gynecologic endoscopy and its widespread use, the combined examination of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy appears to be extremely effective and accurate in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. It is known as the gold standard for the diagnosis of intrauterine lesions in modern times because it is more intuitive, accurate and reliable, and can reduce leakage and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Laparoscopy is the most accurate method to determine tubal patency and diagnose pelvic pathology: laparoscopy can not only understand the tubal patency, but also the pelvic cavity, and discover the causes of infertility such as pelvic adhesions, pelvic endometriosis, subplasma myoma, ovarian cysts, pelvic tuberculosis, etc., and can remove the lesions, separate the adhesions, restore the anatomical position, and carry out the corresponding treatment. In addition to pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis is the second cause of infertility. In light cases of endometriosis, it is difficult to make a diagnosis during routine gynecological examination and is easily missed. Laparoscopy can directly observe the early lesions and flush the pelvic cavity with large amounts of saline during the procedure to remove immune factors and free radicals that have toxic effects on sperm, ovaries and fertilized eggs locally in the pelvic cavity, which can help fertility. It has been recognized as the best method for endometriosis surgery. 3, the advantages of combined hysterolaparoscopic surgery: combined hysterolaparoscopic surgery can treat lesions in the uterine cavity, fallopian tubes and pelvis at the same time, not only accurate diagnosis, can complete two operations in one phase, and laparoscopy to assist hysteroscopic surgery, can increase the safety and reliability of hysteroscopy. It can reduce the patient’s pain, shorten the treatment time and ease the patient’s burden. The clinical application of HSG is irreplaceable: some authors believe that HSG has been widely used clinically and has many desirable features, such as no anesthesia, fast, less costly, no hospitalization, easier to grasp technical operation, can show the internal structure of the fallopian tube and determine the site of obstruction, and also has potential therapeutic effects. The therapeutic effect of HSG is, on the one hand, the “luminescence” effect and, on the other hand, animal studies have shown that the oil-based contrast medium prevents the phagocytosis of sperm by pelvic macrophages. In the diagnosis of pelvic conditions, HSG can only consider pelvic adhesions based on obstruction of the umbilical end of the fallopian tube, hydrocele or poor diffusion of contrast medium, while pelvic adhesions and pelvic pathologies other than the uterine tubes cannot be revealed by HSG, thus limiting its diagnostic accuracy. This paper suggests that since HSG is not as accurate as laparoscopy in diagnosing tubal patency and pelvic conditions, patients who cannot conceive 3-6 months after HSG should undergo hysteroscopy and laparoscopy in a timely manner to clarify the diagnosis and, if necessary, to treat them at the same time. In conclusion, HSG can detect uterine abnormalities, understand the structure of the tubal cavity and some information about pelvic diseases, it is easy to perform, safe, non-invasive and can sometimes play a role in unblocking the fallopian tubes. Hysteroscopy can diagnose and treat benign lesions in the uterine cavity, and laparoscopy can diagnose and treat many pelvic disorders. Combined examination and treatment of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy can not only clarify the exact cause and location of infertility, but also provide appropriate treatment according to the cause at the same time, which can reduce the time and cost of diagnosis and treatment, and at the same time, early detection of organic lesions can avoid aggravation of lesions and increase the chance of conception. Hysterolaparoscopy has incomparable effects with other technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility, and has high clinical application value. If there is intrauterine lesion or tubal obstruction after HSG examination, hysterolaparoscopy should be performed as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis and treatment; if there is no obvious abnormality and no pregnancy after six months of normal sexual life, hysterolaparoscopy should be performed for further examination; if the economy allows, direct hysterolaparoscopy is more beneficial to pregnancy as soon as possible after the operation.