What kind of drugs should be taken for type 2 diabetes mellitus should be chosen by the doctor according to the specific condition. Commonly used hypoglycemic drugs include biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulinotropic agents, and thiazolidinediones.
1. Metformin: Metformin, for example, is the most basic drug for treating diabetes mellitus, which helps to increase the uptake of glucose by peripheral tissues and also inhibits hepatic glycogenolysis, thus lowering glucose. Common adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash, etc. It is contraindicated in patients with ketoacidosis and cirrhosis.
2. α-glucosidase inhibitors: for example, acarbose and voglibose are more commonly used in the clinic, which can inhibit the α-glucosidase in the brush border of the cells of the small intestinal wall, and delay the degradation of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the intestinal tract. Common adverse reactions include abdominal distension, diarrhea, abdominal pain and increased exhaust, etc. It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.
3. Insulinotropic agents: Glimepiride and Repaglinide can stimulate pancreatic secretion to produce hypoglycemic effect. Adverse effects include hypoglycemia, obesity, and allergic reactions, etc. They are contraindicated during lactation and pregnancy.
4. Thiazolidinediones: such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, to increase the sensitivity of target tissues to the action of insulin, to achieve the purpose of lowering glucose, the more common adverse reactions, including edema, heart failure, and aggravate the risk of osteoporosis, etc., is prohibited in patients with acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis.
The application of the above drugs have certain risks, patients need to get the guidance of a specialist.