Liver cirrhosis is a common chronic liver disease that can be caused by a variety of reasons. Diffuse degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, followed by fibrous tissue proliferation and nodular regeneration of hepatocytes, lead to alteration of the structure of liver lobules and blood circulation pathways, and deformation and hardening of the liver to form cirrhosis. The disease can be asymptomatic in the early stage, but in the later stage, a series of different degrees of portal hypertension and liver dysfunction appear. Etiology 1, viral hepatitis In China, viral hepatitis (especially type B and C) is the main cause of cirrhosis, with a positive rate of 60-80%. The pathogenesis is related to the immune abnormality caused by hepatitis virus, and its pathogenic mode is mainly through chronic hepatitis, especially chronic active hepatitis stage, and gradually evolve into cirrhosis. 2, chronic alcoholism In Europe and the United States due to alcoholic liver disease caused by cirrhosis can account for 60% to 70% of the total. Long-term heavy drinking, direct damage to the liver by acetaldehyde, an intermediate metabolite of alcohol, and the development of cirrhosis through fatty liver is the main pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis. Long-term nutritional disorders due to alcoholism reduce the resistance of the liver to certain toxic substances, which also plays a role in the pathogenesis. 3.Schistosomiasis Schistosome eggs are deposited in the confluent area, and the stimulation of eggs and their toxic products causes massive connective tissue proliferation, leading to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. 4.Cholestasis Intrahepatic cholestasis or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction persists, which can lead to hepatocyte ischemia, necrosis, fibrous tissue proliferation and the formation of cirrhosis. 5, malnutrition Long-term malnutrition, especially protein, B vitamins, vitamin E and anti-lipid factors such as choline deficiency, can reduce the resistance of the liver to other pathogenic factors, may be the indirect cause of cirrhosis. 6.Drugs and chemical toxicants Long-term use of isoniazid, tetracycline diphenhydramine, methyldopa, cinchofen, etc., or long-term repeated exposure to certain chemical toxicants such as carbon tetrachloride, phosphorus, arsenic, chloroform, etc. can cause drug or toxic hepatitis, which can develop into cirrhosis. 7, circulatory disorders chronic congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis and various causes of hepatic venous obstruction syndrome (Budd chiari syndrome), can cause long-term liver stasis and hypoxia, hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, connective tissue proliferation and lead to cirrhosis. 8, genetic and metabolic diseases caused by certain substances deposited in the liver due to metabolic disorders, causing hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, connective tissue proliferation and the formation of cirrhosis. Such as hepatomegaly (Wilson’s disease), hemochromatosis, etc. 9.Understood causes Cryptogenic cirrhosis. Early symptoms of cirrhosis The early symptoms of cirrhosis are not obvious. When minor lesions occur, most healthy tissues are still able to cope with the needs of daily metabolic activities, so they are not prone to uncomfortable symptoms. Many patients with liver disease precisely ignore the early manifestations of liver disease, so cirrhosis is aggravated. The latest medical authority statistics show that 50% of patients with cirrhosis are found to be in advanced cirrhosis or liver cancer, so this is one of the reasons for the high mortality rate of cirrhosis. Early symptoms of cirrhosis are: 1. Systemic symptoms: mainly fatigue, easy fatigue, physical strength loss. A few patients may have facial pigmentation. 2, chronic dyspepsia symptoms: loss of appetite, abdominal distension or with constipation, diarrhea or vague pain in the liver area, obvious after exertion. More than 1/3 of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis have darker skin around the face and eyes than before the disease, which is due to increased melanin production as a result of reduced liver function. 4, the early symptoms of cirrhosis may also appear breast swelling, testicular shrinkage, the liver plays an important role in the balance of sex hormones in human blood. As the early symptoms of cirrhosis increase estrogen and decrease androgen, men can see breast enlargement, swelling and pain, testicular atrophy. For women, sex hormone disorders during cirrhosis can also cause menstrual disorders, breast shrinkage and pubic hair thinning. 5, a few early symptoms of cirrhosis can be seen as spider nevus, mild to moderate enlargement of the liver, mostly seen in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, usually without pressure pain. The spleen may be normal or mildly enlarged. Understanding the early symptoms of cirrhosis for early detection and early treatment of cirrhosis play a positive role, hepatitis B fatty liver disease patients should pay attention to changes in their own bodies, do not mechanically apply knowledge of liver disease, when feeling unwell should immediately seek medical examination.