Infants and children with upper respiratory tract infections refer to infections above the pharynx in terms of location, and in terms of symptoms are mostly seen in fever, runny nose sneezing, coughing, tonsil redness, etc. It is a cicatricial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma and other infections bowl, with viral infections dominating, accounting for about 90% of
The majority of infections are viral, accounting for about 90% of cases. Common viruses include: respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, etc. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, and there are no specific drugs for viral infections. Most viral infections can provoke the body’s immune response, i.e., immune response, thus producing protective antibodies, so antibiotics should be used carefully for babies with colds to minimize overtreatment; antibiotics are needed for combined bacterial infections, and common antibiotics include cephalosporins, penicillins such as amoxicillin, macrolides such as azithromycin and roxithromycin. Due to the physiological characteristics of the anatomy of the respiratory system in infants and young children, such as: small nasal cavity, narrow nasal passage, tender nasal mucosa and no nasal hairs, rich in blood vessels, etc., the mucosa is prone to congestion, edema, inflammatory exudation and serious nasal congestion and breathing difficulties. Babies with no obvious breathing difficulties, nasal congestion that does not affect sleep and good mental response are recommended to use 3% sodium chloride injection nasal drops or nasal spray with saline such as nasolang spray. Since infants, especially babies within 3 months of age or newborns, have poor ability to limit infection, upper respiratory tract infections can easily develop into inflammation of nearby organs, such as laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media, conjunctivitis, etc. Therefore, the main clinical manifestations of upper respiratory tract infections in infants and children are nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, fever, feeding difficulties, refusal to eat, and even vomiting or diarrhea. In particular, nasal congestion and obstructed breathing when feeding, coupled with the discomfort of children applying mouth breathing, often lead to crying and restlessness. For the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in infants and children, there are no specific drugs and suitable routes of administration. Oral administration is likely to cause vomiting and diarrhea, intramuscular injection is likely to cause local trauma, and intravenous administration is suspected to be trivial. Therefore, it is recommended to do nebulization or use saline drops or nasal spray with saline such as nasal spray. The care of the upper respiratory tract infection after the upper respiratory tract infection no special drugs, to care mainly. Nursing advice: 1, light diet, breast-fed babies mother avoid cold, spicy stimulating greasy food, keep a relaxed mood. 2, room ventilation, in general, at least twice a day, once more than twenty minutes. Ventilation is best to open all the doors and windows of the room, people out, the conditions can be smoked with vinegar for about twenty minutes before ventilation. 3, pay attention to rest, appropriate more warm water, three months can be fed mainly, such as breast-fed baby good digestive function in the case of appropriate feeding diligent. 4, try to isolate the baby with a cold locally, wash hands before entering the baby’s room, wear a mask, wash hands before and after feeding, before and after changing diapers, and avoid going to densely populated places. Upper respiratory tract infection precautions Due to the imperfect development of infants and young children’s respiratory tract, the first paragraph inside the introduction, the condition changes quickly, easy to cause lower respiratory tract infections and otitis media, etc., so it is not that all upper respiratory tract infections do not require medication, need to pay attention to the following precautions: 1, respiratory function status assessment, in general, cold symptoms do not affect breathing, feeding, sleep, that is, smooth breathing, only Performance fever, dry cough, runny nose sneezing and other symptoms, the number of breaths a minute in a quiet state does not exceed fifty times, in this case, according to my above disposal can be, in general, do not need to use drugs, the temperature exceeds 38.5 ℃ can use antipyretic drugs, three months can be based on physical cooling, as far as possible without antipyretic drugs. If there is difficulty in breathing such as nodding breathing, chest depression is obvious, and the number of breaths in a minute is more than fifty in a quiet state, consider this may be a lower respiratory tract infection, you need to let the doctor listen to the lungs. If you feel that your baby’s mental state is poor, you need to go to the hospital in time to let the doctor assess your condition. 3, fever, if the fever persists for more than three days, there are high fever convulsions or skin rash
If the fever persists for more than three days, if there is febrile convulsion or rash, if there is purulent discharge from the ear, if the fever is accompanied by coughing, if there is barking-like or chicken-like coughing, you need to go to the hospital to let the doctor assess whether there is acute laryngitis. 4, there are repeated vomiting, diarrhea, feeding difficulties also need to go to the hospital in time to let the doctor assess the condition.