Obstructive jaundice – complete or incomplete obstruction of the right and left hepatic bile ducts and the following bile ducts; increased bile duct pressure, bile duct dilatation, rupture of bile ducts and capillary bile ducts, combined bilirubin reflux into the blood, skin and sclera jaundice; this jaundice often requires surgical treatment, so it is also called surgical jaundice. Etiology of obstructive jaundice? 1. biliary stones: gallbladder stones, such as Mirrizi syndrome; common bile duct stones, such as acute severe cholangitis (ACST) – previously known as acute obstructive septic cholangitis (AOSC); intrahepatic bile duct stones (hepatobiliary stones); 2. parasitic worms: such as Schistosoma huaji or biliary roundworms; 3. malignant tumors: pancreatic, biliary tract, Vater ‘jugular abdominal malignancy (progressive, painless, may fluctuate, Courvoisier’ sign positive) 4, inflammation: such as acute cholangitis, duodenal papillitis; 5, strictures: such as oddis sphincter stricture; 6, congenital biliary developmental malformations: such as congenital bile duct cysts or congenital biliary atresia; obstructive What is the effect of jaundice on the kidneys? 8.7% surgical mortality with serum bilirubin at 171 μmol/L; greatly increased mortality with serum bilirubin > 342 μmol/L; hyperbilirubinemia makes the renal tubules more sensitive to ischemia and hypoxia; In addition: surgical trauma, hypovolemia, hypoxia, and hypotension often contribute to acute renal failure in jaundiced patients.